“至于”的两种情态功能  

Two Modality Functions of“Zhiyu”

作　　者：李小军[1] LI Xiao-jun(School of Language and Literature,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学文学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《汉语学习》2021年第5期33-42,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉语位移、空间范畴的语义演变及语义图构建研究”(项目编号:20BYY154)阶段成果。

摘　　要：现代汉语的"至于"具有两种情态功能,分别为认识情态(必然或可能)和道义情态(必要)。表认识情态时主要为否定式"不至于+(S)VP",亦有反诘式"何至于",出现的句子有未知未然事件句、违实性虚拟句两种。表道义必要时主要为疑问形式"至于+(S)VP+吗"。无论哪种句式都带有负面评价意味。The word"zhiyu"of modern Chinese has two modality functions,namely cognitive modality(inevitable or possible)and deontic modality(necessary).When expressing modality,the negative form"bu zhi yu+(S)VP"is the main form,and there are also the rhetorical form"he zhiyu",while the sentences that appear include the unknown event sentence and the false virtual sentence.In the case of expressing deontic necessity,"zhiyu"was mainly used in interrogative sentences,but both the two forms have the negative evaluation meaning.

关 键 词：“至于” 情态 必然 可能 必要 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]