周代的史官制度与史官精神  

The Institution and Spirit of Official Historians in the Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：汪高鑫[1] 王子初 Wang Gaoxin;Wang Zichu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院、史学理论与史学史研究中心,北京100875 [2]吉林师范大学历史文化学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《史学史研究》2021年第3期1-11,共11页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“中国古代历史教育与文化传承”(项目编号:16JJD770007);贵州省2020年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列项目“易学视域下的宋代史学思想研究”(项目编号:20GZGX14)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：周代是先秦史官制度日趋成熟时期。周代史官类别众多,而以太史、内史、外史、小史、御史五史为主。其中最活跃者当为太史和内史,其主要职能是典礼,也包括文献保管以及记事等。周代的左右史之说,应该只是一种形象说法,而非正式官职。在周代史官制度的实践过程中,培育出了独具特色的史官精神,具体体现为参与建设和维护礼乐文明的经世精神、追求史实之真与道义之真的求真精神和彰显人文价值的理性精神。这些史官精神不但造就了先秦光辉灿烂的史官文化,也对后世中国史官制度与史学的发展产生了深远影响。The Zhou Dynasty is a period at which the Pre-Qin official historian institution attains maturity.There are various kinds of official historians in this period,while Tai Shi,Nei Shi,Wai Shi,Xiao Shi and Yu Shi are major historians.Nei Shi and Tai Shi,whose main duties are performing ceremony,took care of documents and recording history.The records that there are Right Shi and Left Shi may be a rhetoric.The spirit of official historians emerged with the institution of historians in the Zhou Dynasty.Contents of the spirit are building and defending the legitimacy of government,seeking truth and rational humanistic spirit.The spirit achieved a bright official historians culture and had a profound influence on later historians.

关 键 词：周代 史官制度 史官精神 太史 内史 左右史 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]