准噶尔雅罗鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定  

Experimental starvation on Leuciscus merzbacheri larvae and determination of the point of no return

作　　者：宋明波 胡江伟 李晓东 王雪 贺疆滔 时春明 王松 牛建功 SONG Mingbo;HU Jiangwei;LI Xiaodong;WANG Xue;HE Jiangtao;SHI Chunming;WANG Song;NIU Jiangong(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fishery Research Institute,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Northwest China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆水产科学研究所,农业农村部西北地区渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《渔业研究》2021年第5期472-479,共8页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：农业农村部西北地区渔业资源环境科学观测实验站开放基金(2019ZD01);农业农村部“西北地区渔业资源与环境调查”专项.

摘　　要：为了更好地救护和增殖中国特有易危物种准噶尔雅罗鱼,在水温(21.0±1.5)℃条件下,利用人工采卵授精法获得准噶尔雅罗鱼初孵仔鱼进行饥饿试验,确定仔鱼不可逆点(PNR),研究投饵对仔鱼的生长、发育和行为的影响。结果显示:1)准噶尔雅罗鱼仔鱼3日龄开口摄食,开始营外源性营养,仔鱼卵黄囊于5日龄已基本被消耗完毕,混合营养期仅维持2 d,属于易遭受饥饿胁迫鱼类;2)初次摄食率为36.0%,初次摄食率最高在7日龄,可达96.6%,PNR出现在仔鱼孵化后的9~10日龄,3日龄后饥饿组对仔鱼卵黄囊的吸收速度影响极显著(P<0.01)。仔鱼具有摄食能力仅6~7 d,在到达PNR后3 d左右饥饿组即全部死亡,其耐受饥饿能力较差;3)在饥饿胁迫条件下的仔鱼对卵黄囊的吸收进程慢于正常对照组仔鱼,5日龄后饥饿对仔鱼体长影响显著(P<0.05),饥饿组仔鱼6日龄生长发育出现负增长,7日龄开始出现脊索弯曲、腹部凹陷、胸角,集群性、初次摄食力均与饥饿时间呈负相关,并且表现出一系列明显的由饥饿导致的形态和行为学特征。In order to better rescue and breed Leuciscus merzbacheri,a unique and vulnerable species in China.The artificial egg collection and insemination technology was used to obtain the larvae of L.merzbacheri for the starvation trial and the definition of the point of no return(PNR)in the condition of water temperature(21.0±1.5)℃.The effects of feeding on the growth,development and behavior were studied.The results showed that:1)the larvae of L.merzbacheri began to feed at 3 days old,and came into the stage of nutrition outside,while the yolk-sac and oil globes were exhausted at 5 days old,and the period of mixed nutrition lasted only 2 days,indicating that L.merzbacheri was vulnerable to starvation;2)the initial feeding rate of L.merzbacheri larvae reached 36.0%,but the tiptop initial feeding rate of the larvae occurred at 7 days old,while the initial larval feeding rate reached 96.6%.Highly significant difference of starvation on the yolk absorption rate of larvae was observed after 3 days(P<0.01).The feeding capacity of larvae was only 6 to 7 days.After reaching the PNR,all the starvation groups died in about 3 days,indicating their abilities to tolerate starvation was poor;3)Absorption of yolk sac in larvae was slower than that in normal control group under starvation stress.Starvation have significant effect on larval body length after 5 days(P<0.05).The growth and development of larvae showed negative growth at 6 days in the hungry group.At the age of 7 days,the larvae began to appear chordate curvature,abdominal depression as well as thorax angle,and there was a negative correlation between clustering,initial feeding ability and hunger time.It also showed a series of obvious morphological and behavioral characteristics caused by starvation.

关 键 词：准噶尔雅罗鱼仔鱼 饥饿 不可逆点 初次摄食率 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]