纷争与立场:污染环境罪的罪过形式  

Disputes and Stances: The Criminal Forms of Environmental Pollution Crimes

作　　者：倪传洲 NI Chuanzhou(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期12-21,共10页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：自从《刑法修正案(八)》对污染环境罪修改以来,学界对该罪的罪过形式就产生了分歧,理论上存在"故意说""过失说""混合罪过说"等三种观点。污染环境罪的罪过形式是司法实务必须面对的现实问题,从保护优先原则出发,污染环境罪的罪过形式应解读为混合罪过,既可能是故意又可能是过失。从最高司法机关的司法解释来看,污染环境罪可以细分为众多亚类型,有的类型属于危险犯,有的类型属于实害犯。就危险犯而言,立法关注的是规范违反,着重惩罚的是明知法律禁止仍有违反,这类污染环境罪的主观罪过只能是故意;就实害犯而言,立法突出的是法益危害,这类污染环境罪的主观罪过有可能是故意也有可能是过失。需要说明的是,混合罪过不是不需要查清罪过的具体内容,从罪责刑相适应原则出发,司法机关应努力查清具体犯罪的罪过形式,难以判断时要作出有利于被告的推定。Since the Amendment(VIII) to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China revised the articles on the crime of environmental pollution, the academic circles have had different opinions on its criminal form. Theoretically, three different viewpoints, known as "intentional offenses theory, " "negligent offenses theory" and "mixed culpability theory", can be found in the research field. The criminal form of environmental pollution crime is a realistic problem that must be confronted in judicial practice. Starting from the principle of protection priority, the forms of environmental pollution crimes should be interpreted as a type of mixed crime, which may be intentional or negligent. Judging from the judicial interpretation of the highest judicial organs, environmental pollution crimes can be subdivided into many subtypes, some of which are dangerous offenses, and some are actual offenses. As far as dangerous offenses are concerned, the legislation focuses on violations of norms, and therefore the punishment is executed on those offenders who deliberately break the law while knowing that it is against the law. The subjective offense of this type of environmental pollution crime can be viewed as being intentional. As far as the actual offenses are concerned, the legislation highlights the harm of legal interests. The subjective offense of this type of environmental pollution crime may be either deliberate or negligent. What should be added is that it does not mean that it is not required to find out the specific content of the mixed culpability, but it does mean starting from the principle of culpability, responsibility and punishment. The judiciary should make greater effort to find out the culpability of the specific crime, and make a presumption in favor of the defendant when it is difficult to judge.

关 键 词：污染环境罪 罪过形式 故意说 过失说 混合罪过说 

分 类 号：D922.683[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]