免耕半固态直播对水稻剑叶生理特性的影响  

Effects of No Tillage Semi-solid Direct Seeding on Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Rice

作　　者：李静怡[1,2,3] 王忍 孟祥杰 梁玉刚 龚向胜[1,2,3] 黄璜 魏海林 LI Jingyi;WANG Ren;MENG Xiangjie;LIANG Yugang;GONG Xiangsheng;HUANG Huang;WEI Hailin(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Paddy Crop and Oil Crops in Southern,Changsha 410128,China;Observation Station of Crop Cultivation Science in Central China,Ministry of Agriculture,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业农村部华中地区作物栽培科学观测试验站,湖南长沙410128 [4]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第5期87-98,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B11);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B233)。

摘　　要：为探究免耕半固态播种模式对水稻剑叶生理及光合特性的影响。通过设计翻耕半固态直播(FZ)、免耕半固态直播(MZ)、水稻插秧(YZ)和传统撒直播(CK)的田间对比试验,研究了不同栽培模式下水稻剑叶生理和光合特性的特征。与CK处理相比,2016年早稻中早39、湘早籼45号FZ、MZ处理的剑叶SPAD值在乳熟期-成熟期显著高于CK处理,2017中早39的FZ、MZ、YZ处理较CK处理早稻与晚稻增幅分别为0.85%~15.41%,1.60%~13.04%,且在齐穗+28 d和齐穗+35 d均达到显著性差异。FZ、MZ和YZ较CK处理水稻剑叶POD和SOD活性在齐穗后均呈增加趋势,而MDA呈降低趋势,其中中早39各时期MDA含量的均值平均降幅分别为13.35%,9.35%,12.49%,9.43%,9.53%和7.12%,湘早籼45降幅分别为10.22%,7.75%,10.01%,6.72%,8.44%和6.01%。FZ、MZ和YZ处理水稻剑叶可溶性糖含量在齐穗+14 d-齐穗+35 d均显著高于CK。2017年晚稻,2个品种的FZ、MZ、YZ处理的蒸腾速率在齐穗+25 d显著高于CK,净光合速率在抽穗期和抽穗后10 d均显著高于CK,分别高出10.56%,11.13%,10.29%和12.40%,14.46%,15.65%。水稻半固态直播和插秧的种植方式能够提高剑叶SPAD值和叶绿素含量,进而有利于提高剑叶光合能力,为水稻齐穗后干物质和有机物质等的积累奠定基础,进而利于水稻产量的提高。In order to explore the effects of no tillage and semi-solid sowing mode on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf of rice.Field comparative experiments were designed to study the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf of rice under different cultivation modes,including tillage semi-solid direct seeding(FZ),no tillage semi-solid direct seeding(MZ),rice transplanting(YZ)and traditional direct seeding(CK).In 2016,the flag leaf SPAD values of FZ and MZ treatments of early rice Zhongzao 39 and Xiangzaoxian 45 were significantly higher than those of CK treatment from milk stage to maturity stage.In 2017,the growth rates of FZ,MZ and YZ treatments of early rice Zhongzao 39 were 0.85%-15.41%,1.60%-13.04%respectively compared with those of early rice and late rice of CK treatment,and the differences were significant at heading+28 d and heading+35 d.The POD and SOD in flag leaves of FZ,MZ and YZ increased after heading,but decreased MDA.The average decrease of MDA content at each growth period of Zhongzao 39 was 13.35%,9.35%,12.49%,9.43%,9.53%and 7.12%,respectively,and that in Xiangzaoxian 45 was 10.22%,7.75%,10.01%,6.72%,8.44%and 6.01%,respectively.The soluble sugar content in flag leaves of FZ,MZ and YZ treatments was significantly higher than that of CK from 14 days to 35 days after heading.In the late rice season of 2017,the transpiration rate of FZ,MZ and YZ treatments was significantly higher than CK in the heading+25 d,and the net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than CK at heading stage and 10 days after heading by 10.56%,11.13%,10.29%and 12.40%,14.46%and 15.65%respectively.Semi solid direct seeding and transplanting could improve SPAD value and chlorophyll content of flag leaves,which was beneficial to improve photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves,laid a foundation for accumulation of dry matter and organic matter after full panicle,and then improved rice yield.

关 键 词：水稻 半固态直播 剑叶 保护酶活性 光合特性 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]