大花君子兰大小孢子发生与雌雄配子体发育的研究  

Studies on the Megasporogenesis,Microsporogenesis and Development of Female and Male Gametophyte of Clivia miniata Regel

作　　者：李芳弟 马璐璐 申家恒[1] 华月 王文希 李伟[1] LI Fangdi;MA Lulu;SHEN Jiaheng;HUA Yue;WANG Wenxi;LI Wei(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Botany, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China;Beijing Miyun Reservoir Middle School, Beijing 101500, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江省植物学省级重点实验室,哈尔滨150025 [2]北京市密云水库中学,北京101500

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第9期1482-1488,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省重点实验室开放课题(ZK201206);哈尔滨师范大学博士启动基金(370611704);哈尔滨师范大学硕士研究生科研创新项目(HSDSSCX2021-01)。

摘　　要：该研究运用常规石蜡切片技术,对大花君子兰(Clivia miniata Regel)大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育进程进行解剖学观察分析,以探讨君子兰生殖生物学解剖特征,为君子兰种子发育和育种提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)大花君子兰花药4室,具分泌型绒毡层。(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为连续型,小孢子四分体为左右对称型,成熟花粉为二细胞型。(3)倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心和雌配子体发育为蓼型。(4)记录了雌雄配子体发育的对应关系,发现雄配子体发育趋于同步,雌配子体发育不同步。(5)开花散粉时,雌配子体尚有处于四核、八核胚囊的时期;成熟胚囊阶段,中央细胞的2个极核位于反足细胞端,反足细胞呈退化状态。具承珠盘结构。Megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and the development of female and male gametophyte of Clivia miniata Regel were studied using normal paraffin method in this paper.The results enriched C.miniata reproductive biological data and provided theoretical basis for the cultivation.In order to explore the anatomical characteristics of reproductive biology of C.miniata and provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of C.miniata.The main results are as follows:(1)C.miniata has four anther chambers and the tapetum is of secretory type.(2)Cytokinesis of microsporocyte meiotic division is of successive type,tetrad is bilatera and the mature pollen grains are two-celled.(3)The ovule is anatropous double integuments and crassinucellate.Embryo sac is of polygonum type.(4)The corresponding relationship between male and female gametophyte development was recorded,and it was found that male gametophyte development tended to synchronize and female gametophyte development was not synchronized.(5)The female gametophyte is still in the stage of tetraconucleus and octagonucleus embryo sac when the pollen began to spread.At the stage of mature embryo sac,the two polar nuclei of the central cell are located at the end of the antipodal cell,and the antipodal cell is degraded.There has a hypostase above the chalazal end.

关 键 词：大花君子兰 小孢子发生 雄配子体 大孢子发生 雌配子体 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]