EMS处理对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响  

Effect of EMS Treatment on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat

作　　者：余徐润 章蓉 冉莉萍 周露艳 杨逸洲 熊飞 YU Xurun;ZHANG Rong;RAN Liping;ZHOU Luyan;YANG Yizhou;XIONG Fei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China;Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225128, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学教育部农业与农场品安全国际合作联合实验室,扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学广陵学院,江苏扬州225128

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第9期1500-1508,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801269,31971810);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20180275);中国博士后科学基金(2018M642332)。

摘　　要：甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)是一种常用的诱变剂,在作物诱变育种上应用广泛。EMS在诱变种子的同时也是一种非生物胁迫,能显著降低种子的发芽率。该实验以小麦‘扬麦15’种子为实验材料,设置了7个EMS浓度处理梯度(0%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%、1.4%和1.6%),每个浓度设置3个处理时间(10 h、12 h、14 h),在种子萌发后测定发芽势和发芽率,并对种子进行生物量测定和形态结构观察,探讨EMS处理对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响机制。结果表明:(1)随着EMS浓度的提高和处理时间的延长,小麦种子的萌发率逐渐降低;幼苗的生长逐渐变得缓慢,根长和叶长明显变短。(2)随着EMS处理浓度的升高和处理时间的延长,小麦种子胚乳内淀粉体的降解速率变缓。(3)同一处理时间下,EMS的浓度越高,小麦根系越短,根部横截面积、维管束面积以及皮层面积也越小。研究发现,EMS处理会明显降低小麦种子的发芽率,减缓种子贮藏物质的降解速度,抑制小麦根系的生长。Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)is a common mutagen,which is widely used in crop mutation breeding.EMS is a kind of abiotic stress as well as mutagenesis of seeds,which can significantly reduce the germination rate of wheat seeds.In this experiment,wheat‘Yangmai 15’was used as experimental material.Seven EMS concentration gradients(0.0%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%)were set up,and each concentration was treated for three times(10 h,12 h,14 h).The effects of EMS treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat were studied.The main results are as follows:(1)with the increase of EMS concentration and treatment time,the germination rate of wheat seeds gradually decreased;the growth of seedlings gradually slowed down,and the root length and leaf length significantly shortened.(2)With the increase of EMS concentration and treatment time,the degradation rate of amyloplasts in wheat endosperm slowed down.(3)Under the same treatment time,the higher the concentration of EMS,the shorter the root length,and the smaller the root cross-sectional area,vascular bundle area and cortex area.The above results showed that EMS treatment could reduce the germination rate of wheat seeds,slow down the degradation rate of seed storage substances,and inhibit the growth of wheat roots.

关 键 词：小麦 甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS) 种子萌发 淀粉体 维管束 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学] Q944.59