一种机械式水田拖拉机下陷深度的检测装置  

A Mechanical Device for Detecting Subsidence Depth of Paddy Tractor

作　　者：孙恒辉[1] 宿宁[1] 汪六三[1] 张耀文 钱山 Sun Henghui;Su Ning;Wang Liusan;Zhang Yaowen;Qian Shan(Hefei Institute of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《现代农业装备》2021年第5期36-41,共6页Modern Agricultural Equipment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0700601-1);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010730)。

摘　　要：水田环境中一直存在的水体和烂泥增加了检测水田拖拉机下陷深度的难度,本装置中设置的牙轮可随水田地面起伏带动装置的上下滑台沿其动边连杆上下滑动,通过测量其动边连杆和上下滑台之间的移动距离获得水田拖拉机的下陷深度,避免了水体波动的干扰。因水田烂泥而产生的车体倾斜将导致上下滑台不能严格垂直于地面,即牙轮不能准确地反映水田地面起伏情况,这也是影响该测量方法准确度的主要问题。针对这一问题,首先利用装置中电推杆较大地调节上下滑台相对水田地面的角度,其后再通过由多组弹簧组成的底座-弹簧缓冲系统进一步调节上下滑台的位姿以垂直于水田地面。分析了底座-弹簧缓冲系统的工作机理,研制了实际样机并进行了试验。试验结果表明,在车体倾斜角度8°、车速5 km/h的条件下,上下滑台相对水田地面的角度可以保持在90°左右,调整时间小于0.2 s。The existence of water and mud in paddy field environment increases the difficulty of detecting the subsidence depth of paddy tractor.The gear-like wheel set in the device can drive the upper-lower-sliding table of the device to slide up and down along its moving-link along with the fluctuation of paddy field ground.The subsidence depth of paddy field tractor can be obtained by measuring the moving distance between the moving-link and the upper-lower-sliding table,so as to avoid the interference of water fluctuation.The main problem that affects the accuracy of the measurement method is that the unilateral tilt of paddy tractor caused by paddy field mud will lead to the upper-lower-sliding table cannot be strictly vertical to the ground,that is the gear-like wheel accurately reflect the paddy field ground undulation.To solve this problem,firstly,the angle of upper-lower-sliding table is adjusted to the paddy field ground by using the electric push rod in the device.Then,the position of upper-lower-sliding table is further adjusted to be perpendicular to the ground by the base-springs buffer system composed of multiple springs.The working mechanism of the base-springs buffer system adjusting the upper-lower-sliding table was analyzed.The actual prototype was developed,and the experimental results show that when unilateral tilt angle of the tractor body is 8°,the angle of the moving-link to the ground can be maintained at about 90°,at the speed of 5 km/h,and the adjustment time is less than 0.2 s.This device can help overcome the detection error caused by the lean of the tractor caused by mud.

关 键 词：水田拖拉机 水体波动和干扰 下陷深度 单侧倾斜 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]