黄河内蒙古河段大流量封河的利与弊  

Advantages and Disadvantages of Freeze-up with Large Discharge in the Inner Mongolia Reach of Yellow River

作　　者：陈冬伶[1] 芦璐 颜亦琪[1] CHEN Dongling;LU Lu;YAN Yiqi(Hydrology Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450004,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会水文局,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《水文》2021年第5期7-12,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：黄河水利委员会大江大河水文监测系统建设工程(一期)——黄河内蒙古河段冰凌预报模型建设项目(HSXX-2019-02)。

摘　　要：分析了内蒙古河段封河流量与凌汛期水位、头道拐站小流量过程、冰下过流能力及槽蓄水增量的关系,总结了内蒙古河段大流量封河年份凌灾成因。结果表明:封河流量越大,凌汛期水位壅高越小,头道拐站小流量过程持续时间越短,冰下过流能力越好,槽蓄水增量越小;在缺乏凌汛期水库调度的情况下,封河流量越大,发生凌灾的风险越高;在对整个凌汛期来水进行科学调度,加强封开河期河道流量控制的情况下,大流量封河不仅可以提高上游梯级电站发电效益,还可以提高冰下过流能力,减小冰塞风险,为后期水库防凌调度争取主动。因而提出,在河道过流能力以及水库蓄水条件允许的情况下,内蒙古河段应采取较大的封河流量封河。This paper analyzed the relationship between the freeze-up discharge and the water level in ice flood period,the low discharge process,the flow capacity under ice and the water storage in the Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River,and summarized the causes of ice flood disaster in the years of freeze-up with large discharge.The results show that the larger the freeze-up discharge is,the smaller the backwater level is in the ice flood period;the shorter the duration of the low discharge process at Toudaoguai station,the better the flow capacity under ice,and the smaller the water storage.In the case of lack of reservoir operation in ice flood period,the larger the freeze-up discharge,the higher the risk of ice flood disaster.Under the condition of scientific regulation with reservoir in the whole ice flood period and strengthening the flow control during the period of freeze-up and break-up,larger freeze-up discharge can not only improve the power generation efficiency of upstream cascade hydropower stations,but also improve the flow capacity under ice and reduce the risk of ice jam,which will be beneficial for the later reservoir ice flood control operation.Therefore,it is suggested that the freeze-up discharge should be larger in the Inner Mongolia reach when the flow capacity is larger and the reservoir storage is sufficient.

关 键 词：封河流量 过流能力 槽蓄水增量 河道条件 水库调度 内蒙古河段 

分 类 号：TV875[水利工程—水利水电工程]