上海市长宁区居民吸烟及相关行为分析  

Smoking-related behavior among residents in Changning District of Shanghai

作　　者：张佳蕾[1] 钱蕾[1] ZHANG Jia-lei;QIAN Lei(Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心,上海200051

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2021年第9期829-832,844,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】了解上海市长宁区居民吸烟行为和烟草依赖情况,为制定干预措施提供合理依据。【方法】对1760名15岁及以上长宁区居民开展问卷调查,内容涉及吸烟行为、烟草依赖行为和复吸情况等,采用χ^(2)检验对不同组间率进行比较,应用logistic回归模型进行相关因素分析。【结果】长宁区15岁及以上人群现在吸烟率为17.0%(299/1760),其中男性吸烟率为35.8%(285/795),女性吸烟率1.5%(14/965);男性、年龄较大、文化程度较低、患慢性病的组别中吸烟率较高(P<0.05);“知道吸烟的危害却仍旧吸烟”是吸烟者中最严重的烟草依赖行为,达85.3%(255/299);本次调查中有226人表示曾尝试戒烟,戒烟后最常出现的症状为“吸烟冲动”占61.1%(138/226),其中“吸烟冲动”(χ^(2)=8.512,P=0.004)、“坐立不安”(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.045)、“情绪低落”(χ^(2)=6.328,P=0.010)三种症状下复吸率较高。【结论】上海市长宁区吸烟率低于全国和上海平均水平,烟草依赖行为主要集中在意识态度方面。开展干预工作应围绕吸烟率较高的重点人群,针对严重烟草依赖行为进行矫正,对主要不良症状进行干预,引导戒烟。在健康知识传播基础上提供更为准确有效的戒烟服务。[Objective]To determine the proportion of tobacco smoking and tobacco dependence among residents in Changning District of Shanghai,and provide scientific evidence for future intervention.[Methods]A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1760 residents over 15 years old in Changning District,covering smoking behavior,tobacco dependence and smoking relapse.Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of smoking-related behavior among different groups,and logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors.[Results]Smoking proportion among residents over 15 years old in Changning District was determined to be 17.0%(299/1760),which was 35.8%(285/795)for males and 1.5%(14/965)for females.The smoking proportion was significantly higher in the residents being male,older,with less education and underlying diseases(P<0.05).The residents"knowing the hazard of smoking but remaining smoking"was the most serious tobacco dependence,which was determined to be 85.3%(255/299)among the smokers.The most common symptom leading to smoking relapse was"impulse to smoking"(61.1%,138/226).Among them,"smoking impulse"(χ^(2)=8.512,P=0.004),"restlessness"(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.045),and"depression"(χ^(2)=6.328,P=0.010)are the three symptoms which had an effect on whether the smokers relapsed.[Conclusion]The smoking rate in Changning District of Shanghai is lower than the national and local average.Tobacco dependence mainly focuses on awareness and attitude.Intervention should focus on the key population with high smoking rate.We should correct the severe tobacco dependence,intervene the main adverse symptoms,and guide smoking cessation.In addition,we should provide more accurate and effectives smoking cessation services based on health communication.

关 键 词：吸烟行为 影响因素 烟草依赖 

分 类 号：R330.77[医药卫生—人体生理学]