稀硝酸生产发烟硝酸产品浓度稳定性研究  

Study on Concentration Stability of Fuming Nitric Acid Produced by Dilute Nitric Acid

作　　者：王文波 Wang Wenbo(Wanhua Chemical(Fujian)Co.,Ltd.,Fujian,350311)

机构地区：[1]万华化学(福建)有限公司,福建350311

出　　处：《当代化工研究》2021年第20期165-166,共2页Modern Chemical Research

摘　　要：发烟硝酸,化学式HNO3,相对分子量63.01,是含硝酸90%~97.5%的有毒液体,因溶解了NO_(2)而呈红褐色,腐蚀性极强,在空气中猛烈发烟并吸收水分,为强氧化剂,与强还原剂接触可能爆炸,与有机物接触有起火的风险。用于有机化合物的硝化和火箭燃料。利用稀硝酸(64%),通过萃取精馏的方式生产发烟硝酸(98.5%)。工艺采用浓硫酸脱水和精馏技术,利用硫酸影响硝酸和水的交互作用,破坏硝酸和水的恒沸,在硝酸浓缩系统内将硝酸提浓至98.5%,生产发烟硝酸。在生产过程中,发烟硝酸产品浓度稳定至关重要。The chemical formula of fuming nitric acid is HNO_(3) and its relative molecular weight is 63.01.It is a toxic liquid containing 90%~97.5% nitric acid,which is reddish brown due to dissolved NO_(2).It is highly corrosive,and smokes violently in the air and absorbs moisture.It is a strong oxidant,which may explode in contact with a strong reducing agent,and may cause fire in contact with organic matters.It is often used for nitration of organic compounds and rocket fuel.Using dilute nitric acid (64%),fuming nitric acid (98.5%) was produced by extractive distillation.The process adopts concentrated sulfuric acid dehydration and rectification technology,which uses sulfuric acid to influence the interaction between nitric acid and water and destroy the constant boiling of nitric acid and water.The nitric acid is concentrated to 98.5% in the nitric acid concentration system to produce fuming nitric acid.In the production process,it is very important to stabilize the concentration of fuming nitric acid products.

关 键 词：发烟硝酸 塔顶填料层温度 回流量 浓度 

分 类 号：TQ[化学工程]