沈阳市2004—2020年肾综合征出血热流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shenyang, 2004—2020

作　　者：车雷[1] 周博[1] 王晓丽[1] 张国斌[1] CHE Lei;ZHOU Bo;WANG Xiao-li;ZHANG Guo-bin(Department of Natural Focus Disease Prevention and Treatment,Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110031,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]沈阳市疾病预防控制中心自然疫源性疾病防制科,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第19期3471-3474,3643,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对沈阳市2004—2020年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)监测资料进行流行病学分析,了解沈阳市HFRS的流行趋势,为防控策略的调整提供科学依据。方法对沈阳市2004—2020年HFRS监测的资料进行描述性分析。结果 2004—2020年沈阳市共报告HFRS病例2 490例,平均发病率为1.99/10万,发病呈下降趋势,2020年发病率较2004年下降了99.12%。市区、郊区和农村病例数的比例约为5∶4∶2。呈现出春季及秋冬季2个季节性高峰,男女发病比例约为3∶1,20~59岁年龄段占病例总数的91.70%,职业分布以家务待业和农民为主,分别占40.40%和39.96%。沈阳市鼠密度呈下降趋势,居民区鼠密度从2004年的20.51%下降至2020年的1.32%,野外鼠密度从2004年的12.76%下降至2018年的1.35%。野外鼠带毒率及感染率均呈明显下降趋势。居民区优势鼠种为褐家鼠,占捕获数的96.35%。野外优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,占捕获数的94.04%。结论沈阳市HFRS疫情呈现明显下降趋势,说明采取以疫苗接种为主的综合性防治措施效果显著。但鼠密度和家鼠带毒率仍然处于较高水平,HFRS流行的风险依然存在。Objective To make an epidemiological analysis on the surveillance data on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Shenyang from 2004 to 2020, to understand the epidemic trend of HFRS in Shenyang and to provide scientific basis for the adjustment of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of HFRS from 2004 to 2020 in Shenyang. Results A total of 2 490 HFRS cases were reported in Shenyang from 2004 to 2020 and the average incidence rate was 1.99/100 000. The incidence showed a decreasing trend. The incidence rate in 2020 was 99.12% lower than that in 2004. The incidence ratio of urban: suburban: rural was about 5:4:2. There were two seasonal peaks in spring and autumn-winter season. The incidence ratio of males to females was about 3:1. 91.70% of the cases were aged from 20 to 59 years old. The distribution of occupations were mainly domestic unemployment and farmers, accounting for 40.40% and 39.96%. The rat density in Shenyang showed a decreasing trend. The rat density in residential areas decreased from 20.51% in 2004 to 1.32% in 2020.The rat density in fields decreased from 12.76% in 2004 to 1.35% in 2018. The virus carrying rate and the infection rate in fields showed an obvious decreasing trend. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in residential area, accounting for 96.35% of the captured rats. Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in fields, accounting for 94.04% of the captured rats. Conclusion The obvious descending trend of HFRS epidemics in Shenyang shows that the comprehensive prevention and control measures based on vaccine inoculation have achieved remarkable results. Both the rat density and the virus carrying rates remain high and the risk of HFRS epidemic remains.

关 键 词：肾综合征出血热 监测 流性特征 

分 类 号：R512.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]