乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林体系小气候效应研究  

Study on the microclimate effects of oasis shelter forest in the Ulan Buh Desert

作　　者：罗凤敏[1] 高君亮[1] 辛智鸣[1] 郝玉光[1] 李新乐[1] 段瑞兵 LUO Fengmin;GAO Junliang;XIN Zhiming;HAO Yuguang;LI Xinle;DUAN Ruibing(Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station,National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Comprehensive Control in Ulan Buh Desert,Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,乌兰布和沙漠综合治理国家长期科研基地,中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期143-152,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0125);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(CAFYBB2017MB026);内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行补助项目(2018-LYPT-DW-140);国家重点研发计划(2019YFE0116500);国家自然科学基金项目(31870706)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究绿洲防护林体系的小气候效应,为绿洲防护林体系的长期经营与健康发展提供科学数据。【方法】对乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林内、外2个气象站36 a(1983—2018年)连续监测的气象数据进行了统计分析,研究了2个站点的大气温度、地表温度、相对湿度、降水量、蒸发量,以及风速的年、季和月变化特征,分析了绿洲防护林内、外小气候的差异并探讨了产生差异的原因。【结果】(1)绿洲防护林内、外的大气温度、地表温度和降水量年际变化特征总体呈上升趋势,相对湿度、蒸发量和风速总体呈下降趋势,绿洲防护林体系使大气温度降低0.2~1.6℃,地表温度降低0.10~5.49℃,相对湿度增加0.5%~18.6%,降水量增加0.5~100.7 mm,蒸发量降低18.4~1 282.8 mm,风速减小0.45~1.98 m/s;(2)绿洲防护林内、外的每10 a的气温变化倾向率分别为0.27、0.32℃,地温变化倾向率分别为0.28、0.36℃,降水量变化倾向率分别为1.8、2.5 mm,相对湿度变化倾向率分别为-0.2%、-1.3%,蒸发量变化倾向率分别为-42.5、-78.4 mm,风速变化倾向率分别为-0.1、-0.2 m/s;(3)绿洲防护林内和林外大气温度、地表温度、相对湿度、降水量和蒸发量的年内变化规律均为先增加后降低,为单峰曲线,而风速的年内变化曲线为双峰曲线;(4)绿洲防护林内、外各环境因子具有明显的季节差异,春、夏、秋、冬四季大气温度、地表温度和蒸发量增长率均为林外高于林内;四季相对湿度均为林内高于林外,风速则相反;降水量春、夏季林内高于林外,秋、冬季为林内低于林外。【结论】绿洲防护林体系具有降低气温和地温、减少蒸发、降低风速、增加空气相对湿度和降水等生态功能,防护林及其内农作物生长季节尤为明显,这对于提高作物产量起着积极作用,进而改良土壤,并对维持绿洲可持续发展起着重要作用。【Objective】The oasis in arid areas is a necessary element for economic prosperity and development, and climate factors play a vital role in maintaining the sustainable development of the oasis. Studying the microclimate effect of oasis shelter forests can provide scientific data for the long-term management and healthy development of oasis shelter forests. 【Method】Inside and outside the oasis shelter forest system of the Ulan Buh Desert was used as the research object, and statistical analysis of 36 years(1983-2018) meteorological data continuously monitored by the two meteorological stations set on the grounds of both oasis shelter forest and desert-oasis ecotone in the Ulan Buh Desert was used. The interannual, annual and seasonal variations in air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, evaporation, wind speed and the differences in microclimate inside and outside the oasis shelter forest system were analyzed, and the reasons for the observed differences were discussed.【Result】(1) The interannual variation characteristics of air temperature, soil temperature, and precipitation within internal and external shelterbelts showed an increasing trend, but the interannual variation characteristics of relative humidity, evaporation and wind speed showed a decreasing trend. The oasis shelterbelt could reduce the air temperature by 0.2-1.6 ℃ and the soil temperature by 0.10-5.49 ℃;it increased the humidity by 0.5%-18.6% and precipitation by 0.5-100.7 mm;the evaporation decreased by 18.4-1 282.8 mm, and the wind speed decreased by 0.45-1.98 m/s.(2) The change trend every 10 years in temperature was 0.27, 0.32 ℃;land ground temperature was 0.28, 0.36 ℃;precipitation was 1.8, 2.5 mm;relative humidity was-0.2%,-1.3%;evaporation was-42.5,-78.4 mm;wind speed was-0.1,-0.2 m/s, respectively, within internal and external shelterbelts.(3)The annual variation characteristics of air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, evaporation within internal and external

关 键 词：小气候效应 气象因子 沙漠绿洲 防护林体系 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：P463.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S716.2[农业科学—林学]