基于静态箱法研究城市草坪空气负离子来源及其影响因素  

Sources and influence factors of negative air ions in urban lawn based on static chamber method

作　　者：黄向华[1,2] 曾宏达[1,2] 陈惠 王婷婷 杨玉盛[1,2] HUANG Xianghua;ZENG Hongda;CHEN Hui;WANG Tingting;YANG Yusheng(School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学院,福州350007 [2]湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福州350007

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第4期949-955,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31400609,31200366);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2011R1037-6)资助。

摘　　要：空气负离子(NAI)是评价空气清洁程度的重要指标,但城市绿地NAI的不同来源及相对贡献国内外尚未见报道.为更好地理解NAI在城市区域的生成机制,运用静态箱隔离法对典型城市草坪(Zoysia matrella)不同来源(植物、土壤、大气本底、外源)的NAI进行动态观测,并采集气象站同步数据,分析各来源NAI的浓度值、贡献率及影响因素.结果显示:不同来源NAI日变化特征不同.保留植物的静态箱内NAI浓度日均值为1478个/cm^(3),峰值可达2522个/cm^(3);植物来源、土壤来源、大气本底来源的NAI日均值分别为1389个/cm^(3)、101个/cm^(3)和98个/cm^(3),对静态箱内NAI平均贡献率分别为83.5%、8.3%和8.2%;静态箱外开放环境的NAI浓度平均只能达到静态箱中水平的26.2%.植物和大气本底来源NAI均与温度显著正相关,与相对湿度、气溶胶及主要大气污染物无显著相关性;而土壤来源NAI与气温显著负相关,与湿度无明显相关性,与各大气主要污染物均呈显著正相关.外源NAI与各上述因子均无明显相关性.本研究表明植物是城市草坪NAI的主要贡献者,土壤和大气本底的贡献相对较低;环境因子对不同来源NAI的影响机制不同,温度和湿度是主要影响因素,主要大气污染物仅对土壤来源的NAI影响较显著.Negative air ions(NAI)are important indicators of air cleanliness.The contribution of different sources to total NAI in urban green spaces has not yet been reported at home and abroad.To better understand the mechanism of formation of NAI in urban areas,the static chamber method was used to conduct dynamic observations of NAI from different sources(plant,soil,atmospheric background,and external source)of a typical urban lawn(Zoysia matrella),and the synchronous data of the meteorological station were collected.The concentrations of NAI,contributions from different sources,and influencing factors were analyzed.The diurnal variations in the NAI from different sources varied.The diurnal average concentration of NAI in the static chamber with plants was 1478 ions/cm^(3),with a peak of 2522 ions/cm^(3).The diurnal average concentrations of NAI derived from plants,soils,and atmospheric backgrounds were 1389,101,and 98 ions/cm^(3),accounting for 83.5%,8.3%,and 8.2%,respectively.The average NAI concentration outside the static chamber could only reach 26.2%of the level inside the chamber,with a diurnal mean concentration of 296 ions/cm^(3).NAI from plants and atmospheric background have a positive correlation with temperature;however,they have no significant correlation with relative humidity,aerosols,and major atmospheric pollutants.NAI derived from soil had a significant negative correlation with air temperature and a positive correlation with all major atmospheric pollutants;however,no significant correlation with humidity was found.There was no significant correlation between exogenous NAI and these factors.Our results indicate that plants are the main contributors to NAI in urban lawns,whereas the contributions of soil and atmospheric background to NAI are relatively low.The influences of environmental factors on the NAI of various sources differ.Temperature and humidity were the main influencing factors,whereas the major atmospheric pollutants had significant effects only on NAI from the soil.

关 键 词：空气负离子 浓度日变化 贡献率 城市草坪 静态箱法 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]