收入分配与异质性消费结构——基于中等收入群体新测度  

Income Distribution and Heterogeneous Consumption Structure:New Measure of Middle-income Group

作　　者：宿玉海[1] 孙晓芹[1] 李成友[1] Su Yuhai;Sun Xiaoqin;Li Chengyou

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学金融学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2021年第9期80-95,共16页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“要素市场化配置对城乡收入差距‘倒U型’演变新趋势的影响研究”(20CJY017);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“阶层主体性、家庭资产配置与优化路径研究——基于新时代我国农村“半工半耕”家庭分析”(19YJC790056)。

摘　　要：本文通过构建效用指数模型对中等收入群体进行测度,并据此将城镇家庭划分为低、中、高收入组,通过分析三类家庭储蓄消费动机,得出三类家庭消费结构异质性推论,以中国家庭金融调查数据库CHFS2013-2017年城镇家庭数据为基础,实证检验三类家庭消费结构差异,最后模拟收入分配变动对消费结构的影响。研究发现:(1)低收入家庭生存型和发展型消费倾向更高,生存型边际消费倾向平均约为中等收入家庭的1.8倍、高收入家庭的8.1倍,发展型边际消费倾向平均约为中等收入家庭的1.6倍、高收入家庭的3.1倍,其收入主要用于满足生存和发展所需;(2)中等收入家庭更注重享受型消费,享受型边际消费倾向平均约为低收入家庭的1.5倍、高收入家庭的4.5倍,其有能力追求更高层次的消费;(3)高收入家庭消费需求基本得到满足,各类消费倾向均较低;(4)模拟收入分配变动结果显示,"提低、扩中"均对消费结构升级具有显著促进作用,应充分考虑收入分配调节对消费结构的影响,重视中等收入群体规模扩大对消费结构升级的带动作用。This paper constructs a utility index model to measure the middle-income group,and divides the urban families into low,middle and high-income groups.By analyzing the savings-consumption motivation of three types of families,this paper deduces the heterogeneity of the consumption structure of three types of families.Based on the data of urban families in CHFS from 2013 to 2017,this paper uses a variety of measurement methods to empirically test the differences of three types of household consumption structure.Further,it simulates the impact of income distribution changes on consumption structure.The results show that:(1) Low-income families have higher propensity of survival and development consumption.The marginal propensity of survival consumption is about 1.8 times that of middle-income families and 8.1 times that of high-income families.The marginal propensity of development consumption is about 1.6 times that of middle-income families and 3.1 times that of high-income families.(2) Middle-income families pay more attention to enjoyment consumption,and their marginal propensity to consume is about 1.5 times that of lowincome families and 4.5 times that of high-income families.(3) All kinds of consumption tendency of high-income families are low,and their various consumption demands are met.(4) The results show that both "raising low-income and expanding middle-income" can significantly promote the upgrading of consumption structure.We should fully consider the impact of the adjustment of income distribution on consumption structure,and pay attention to the driving effect of the expansion of middle-income groups on the upgrading of consumption structure.

关 键 词：中等收入群体 效用指数模型 消费异质性 收入分配 消费结构 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]