克孜尔石窟“弥勒菩萨”图像的重新认识  

On the Maitreya motif in the Kizil grottoes

作　　者：赵莉 ZHAO Li

机构地区：[1]龟兹研究院,新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区830000

出　　处：《中原文物》2021年第5期127-136,共10页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：2014年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“新疆石窟寺研究”(项目编号:14ZDB054)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在克孜尔石窟大部分纵券顶中心柱窟和部分纵券顶方形窟主室前壁上方半圆端面上绘制有"菩萨说法图"。长期以来,学界普遍认为这是"弥勒菩萨兜率天宫说法图"。此外,在克孜尔石窟个别中心柱窟主室正壁龛内正壁主尊位置也出现了菩萨坐像,学界也认为是弥勒菩萨。我们在研究龟兹佛教"菩萨观"的过程中,着重探讨了部派佛教对弥勒菩萨的定位和态度,对"弥勒菩萨兜率天宫说法图"的问题进行了重新探讨后认为,克孜尔石窟"菩萨兜率天宫说法图"中的菩萨和主室正壁龛内正壁主尊位置的菩萨坐像应是释迦而非弥勒。at Kizil Grottoes, Bodhisattva preaching image was depicted on the front wall of the main chamber of most of the central-pillar caves and part of the square caves.For a long time, scholars generally believed these images represented Maitreya Bodhisattva preaching in the Tusita heaven. In addition, at some central-pillar caves, a sitting Bodhisattva was painted in the niche of the main wall of main chamber, which is also regarded as Maitreya Bodhisattva traditionally. We have researched the Bodhisattva view of Kucha Buddhism and focused the attitude of Sarvāstivāda about Maitreya Bodhisattva. Through discussing the image of Maitreya Bodhisattva preaching in the Tusita heaven, we consider the figure of Bodhisattva at the front wall and the niche of the main chamber are not Maitreya but Sakya Bodhisattva.

关 键 词：克孜尔石窟 弥勒菩萨 释迦菩萨 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]