四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)种子快速萌发与幼苗生长技术  

Studies on seed rapid germination and seedling growth technology of Larix mastersiana

作　　者：莫丹 齐芳 锁才序 蒲光兰[3] 向双[1,2] MO Dan;QI Fang;SUO Caixu;PU Guanglan;XIANG Shuang(CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室,生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室,中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第3期677-685,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505002);四川省科技计划项目(2018SZDZX0033);国家自然科学基金项目(31370594)资助。

摘　　要：四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)是维持川西亚高山森林生态系统功能和景观度的重要组成树种,其种子具有休眠等生物学特性以及天然生境中种源缺乏等因素导致生态恢复实践中其种子萌发率和幼苗保存率较低.为攻克四川红杉快速繁育技术,以来自四川红杉自然分布区3个海拔梯度(2870、3250、3760 m)的种子为材料,施以10%微肥溶液、200 mg/L赤霉素溶液、0.6 mg/L S-诱抗素溶液、10%微肥溶液+0.6 mg/L S-诱抗素溶液混合液、10%微肥溶液+200 mg/L赤霉素溶液混合液5种溶液浸泡种子以及喷施幼苗,比较不同溶液对四川红杉种子萌发和幼苗生长指标及其与种子大小、养分含量之间的相关关系,探讨最适合种子萌发和幼苗生长的技术方法.结果显示:10%微肥溶液促进了3个海拔梯度四川红杉种子快速萌发且提高了种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数;其余4种溶液均显著促进了3个海拔四川红杉幼苗根粗、总生物量的增长,200 mg/L赤霉素溶液对四川红杉幼苗根茎增粗效果显著,0.6 mg/L S-诱抗素溶液显著提高四川红杉幼苗叶片可溶性糖和可溶性淀粉的含量;四川红杉种子的发芽率、活力指数、幼苗茎长和总生物量与种子千粒重呈显著正相关关系,同时种子活力指数与种子全氮含量呈显著正相关,幼苗根长、茎长和总生物量与种子全碳、全氮含量呈显著正相关关系;较低浓度0.6 mg/L诱抗素溶液施于千粒重和营养元素较大的3250 m海拔的四川红杉种子,种子萌发和幼苗生长效果最好.上述结果说明,10%微肥溶液所起作用体现在种子萌发阶段,而其余4种溶液所起的作用体现在幼苗生长阶段,另外种子萌发与种子千粒重和养分含量密切相关.在今后实践中,可选用形态饱满的大种子分阶段使用不同的溶液,最大效果上促进种子萌发和幼苗生长,解决红杉种子雨少、种源缺乏的问题,利用有限的种子提高其萌发率�Larix mastersiana is an important tree species that maintains subalpine forest ecosystem function and landscape degree;however,the proportions of seed germination and seedling storage are extremely low in ecological restoration because of the characteristics of seed dormancy and the lack of provenance in natural habitats.To develop fast-breeding technology for L.mastersiana,this study used its seeds in the natural distribution area of three altitude gradients(2870,3250,and 3760 m)as the material.The seeds were soaked and the seedlings were sprayed with 10%microfertilizer solution,200 mg/L GA3 solution,0.6 mg/L S-ABA solution,a mixture of 10%microfertilizer solution and 0.6 mg/L S-ABA solution,and a mixture of 10%microfertilizer solution and 200 mg/L GA3 solution.The effects of different solutions on seed germination and seedling growth of L.mastersiana were compared;the correlations between seed germination,seedling growth index,seed size,and nutrient content were analyzed;and the most suitable technology and methods for seed germination and seedling growth were investigated.The results showed that 10%microfertilizer solution promoted the rapid germination of seeds and improved the proportion of germination,germination index,and vigor index of L.mastersiana at three altitudes.The other four solutions all significantly promoted the increase of the root diameter and seedling dry weight of L.mastersiana at three altitudes.The effects of 200 mg/L GA3 solution on the root and twig diameter were significant,and 0.6 mg/L S-ABA solution significantly improved the content of leaf soluble sugar and starch of the seedling.The germination proportion,vigor index,seedling twig length,and dry weight were significant positively correlated with 1000-grain weight.The vigor index was significantly positively correlated with seed total nitrogen content,and the seedling root length,twig length,and dry weight were significantly positively correlated with seed total carbon and total nitrogen content.The low concentration of 0.6 mg/L S-

关 键 词：四川红杉 微肥 赤霉素 诱抗素 种子萌发 幼苗生长 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S791.226[农业科学—林木遗传育种]