气候变化下西南亚高山森林景观恢复效果模拟预测——以岷江杂谷脑河上游流域为例  

Simulating the effects of forest landscape restoration under climate change in southwest subalpine forests in China:a case study in the upper Zagunao watershed of the Minjiang River Basin

作　　者：师嘉祺 余恩旭 徐亚莉 张明芳 SHI Jiaqi;Yu Enxu;XU Yali;ZHANG Mingfang(School of Resources and Environment,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学资源与环境学院,成都611731

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第3期716-724,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505006);国家自然科学基金项目(31770759)资助。

摘　　要：开展气候变化下森林恢复措施对西南亚高山森林景观的恢复效果评价,对于该地区未来森林生态恢复技术研发具有重要参考意义.以岷江杂谷脑河上游流域为研究对象,基于森林景观模型LANDIS PRO 7.0模拟、预测气候变化下不同森林恢复措施(自然和人工)对流域森林景观演替过程及森林景观的影响并对比分析两种恢复情景的森林结构和组成恢复效果的差异.结果表明:模型模拟结果具有较高的可靠性,模型的初始化物种信息与野外调查数据相吻合.根据模型预测结果(2010-2060年),人工恢复情景下冷杉的平均林分林木胸高断面积在模拟的前期和中期低于自然恢复情景,在后期则高于自然恢复;云杉和华山松的平均林分林木胸高断面积在模拟的前期低于自然恢复情景,在中、后期则高于自然恢复;桦木、高山栎和落叶松的平均林分林木胸高断面积在整个模拟期均低于自然恢复情景.从空间尺度分析,人工恢复情景与自然恢复情景相比,冷杉林在干旱河谷、北坡和高山区的占比分别增加3.66%、1.60%、0.50%,而在南坡的占比有所减少;云杉林在干旱河谷区、南坡地区的占比分别增加0.72%、1.23%,而在北坡和高山区的占比略有减少;桦木和落叶松在不同的立地类型上占比降低.在自然恢复下,受气候变暖的影响,杂谷脑河上游流域森林优势物种(冷杉)的胸高断面积在模拟后期呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而人工恢复措施的实施能够促进区域优势树种(云、冷杉)的优势扩大.由此可见,在气候变暖的背景下对杂谷脑河上游流域森林施以适宜的人工恢复措施,能够有效地促进森林向顶级群落演替,提高杂谷脑河流域森林生态弹性,更好地应对未来的气候变化.An evaluation of the effect of forest restoration measures on forest landscape can provide important supports for the development of ecological restoration techniques in alpine and subalpine forests in Southwest China.To meet the management needs of ecological restoration of alpine and subalpine forests in Southwest China,we simulated forest landscape change(forest succession,forest structure,and composition)under two different restoration scenarios.The upper Zagunao watershed of the Minjiang River Basin was used as an example in a spatially explicit forest landscape model(LANDIS PRO 7.0),to compare two different restoration scenarios(natural and artificial restoration).Our results suggest that the applied model has a good performance,where the initialized forest landscape model fitted the field data of forest composition and structure well.According to the model prediction during 2010–2060,the average basal area of Abies fabri forests under the artificial restoration scenario was lower than that under the natural restoration scenario in the early and middle stages,while it was greater at the late stage.The average basal areas of Picea asperata and Pinus armandii forests were lower than those under the natural restoration scenario at the early stage,while they were greater in the middle and late stages.The average basal areas of Betula platyphylla,Quercus semicarpifolia Smith,and Larix gmelinii forests were lower than those under the natural restoration scenario during the entire prediction period.Compared with the natural recovery scenario,the proportion of A.fabri forests was greater in the arid valley(3.66%),north slope(1.60%),and high mountain(0.50%)areas,but lower at the south slope(0.42%)under the artificial scenario.The proportion of P.asperata forest in arid valley(0.72%)and south slope(1.23%)areas was greater under the artificial scenario than under the natural scenario,but lower at the north slope(0.08%)and high mountains(0.04%).The proportions of B.platyphylla and L.gmelinii forests were lower under

关 键 词：亚高山森林 气候变化 人工恢复 树种分布 胸高断面积 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]