盐碱湖硫循环及嗜盐嗜碱硫功能菌研究进展  

Advances in research on the sulfur cycle and haloalkaliphilic sulfur bacteria in soda lakes

作　　者：杨茂华[1,2] 穆廷桢 苗得露 刘金龙[3] 张翔[4] 邢建民[1,2] YANG Maohua;MU Tingzhen;MIAO Delu;LIU Jinlong;ZHANG Xiang;XING Jianmin(Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Biology and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所,生化工程国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,绿色过程与工程院重点实验室,北京100190 [3]河北科技大学生物与工程学院,石家庄050018 [4]山东省农业科学院农产品研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第3期786-799,共14页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872633,31800030,21878307);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0906800);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016YL031)资助。

摘　　要：硫循环是地球化学元素循环之一,微生物在其中发挥关键的驱动作用.深入认识微生物驱动的硫循环过程,将有助于探究生物地球化学循环机制.盐碱湖因具有完整的硫循环途径、丰富的硫功能菌种类,已成为研究硫地球化学循环的理想环境.总结近年来有关盐碱湖硫元素循环过程及嗜盐嗜碱性硫功能菌的研究进展.包括基于多种组学的盐碱湖微生物多样性分析以及嗜盐嗜碱性硫功能菌的应用,重点分析已经分离或完成测序的嗜盐嗜碱性硫氧化菌(11个属24个种)和硫还原菌(15个属25个种)的生理生化特点及系统发育关系,并且总结硫代谢基因的分布规律,明确盐碱湖中微生物硫代谢主要途径,其中细胞色素C硫化氢脱氢酶和Sox氧化酶系组成盐碱湖中硫氧化的最主要途径.初步形成了盐碱湖硫循环过程概貌、较完整的嗜盐嗜碱硫功能菌谱系及硫代谢途径,这将对认识地球硫元素循环,尤其是盐碱湖硫循环具有重要意义.建议将来加强开展有关异养硫氧化菌代谢过程、硫碳氮代谢之间关系及相互作用、影响硫循环过程的关键环境因子及调控手段等研究,进一步推进嗜盐嗜碱性硫功能菌的应用.The elemental sulfur cycle is an important geochemical cycle in which microorganisms play a key driving role.An in-depth study of the sulfur geochemical cycle will help us to explore new mechanisms of biogeochemical cycles.A soda lake is an ideal environment for studying the sulfur geochemical cycle because of its complete and unique sulfur conversion pathways and abundant types of sulfur-dissimilating bacteria.This article summarizes the recent progress in research on the sulfur cycle and haloalkaliphilic sulfur bacteria in soda lakes.This study primarily includes omics-based analyses of the microbial diversity of soda lakes and the practical application of haloalkaliphilic sulfur bacteria,focusing on the analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(11 genera and 24 species)and sulfur-reducing bacteria(15 genera and 25 species)that have been isolated or sequenced.In addition,the distribution of sulfur metabolism genes is summarized,and the main pathways of microbial sulfur metabolism in soda lakes are clarified.The results revealed that cytochrome C sulfide dehydrogenase and the Sox system constitute the most important pathways for sulfur oxidation in soda lakes.Overall,the global sulfur cycle in soda lakes and a complete lineage of haloalkaliphilic sulfur-dissimilating bacteria and sulfur metabolism pathways are presented.Future studies should include the metabolic process of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria;relationship among sulfur,carbon,and nitrogen metabolism;key environmental factors that affect the sulfur cycle process;and regulatory strategies.

关 键 词：盐碱湖 硫循环 嗜盐嗜碱微生物 硫氧化菌 硫还原菌 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]