月季远缘杂交未成熟胚培养初探  

Studies on Immature Hybrid Embryo Culture of Distant Hybridization in Rosa

作　　者：马策 赵小慧 阮芳 李振涛 李成俊 Ma Ce;Zhao Xiaohui;Ruan Fang;Li Zhentao;Li Chengjun(Liaoning Research Institute of Cash Crops,Liaoyang,111000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省经济作物研究所,辽阳111000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第19期6468-6475,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1001001);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2019-QN-04)共同资助。

摘　　要：为提高现代月季的抗逆性和多样性,建立月季远缘杂交未成熟胚培养体系,本研究以综合性状优良的现代月季品种‘犹太花环’‘メアリローズ’‘夏日芬芳’和古老月季品种‘月月粉’为母本,以抗逆性强的野生蔷薇黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina Lindl.)为父本进行远缘杂交,以杂交后的未成熟胚为材料进行胚挽救,分析不同消毒方法、胚龄、胚剥离方法以及培养方法对未成熟胚挽救效果的影响。结果表明,月季远缘杂交未成熟胚用0.1%氯化汞对胚珠进行消毒效果最好且不影响胚的萌发;胚挽救的最早胚龄为30 d,未成熟胚可以在添加1 g/L活性炭的培养基MS+GA_(3) 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L上萌发,其萌发率与杂交组合相关,所有杂交组合中,‘犹太花环’×黄刺玫萌发率最好,可达46.7%;去除果皮有助于胚的萌发,去除全部果皮未成熟胚萌发率最高,可达46.7%;采用两步培养法能提高月季未成熟杂交胚成苗率。月季远缘杂交未成熟胚培养体系的建立,为培育性状优异、抗性突出月季新品种提供技术保障。In order to improve the resistance and diversity of modern roses and establish the immature embryo culture system of distant hybridization in Rosa, we carried out hybridization using modern rose cvs ’Jewish Bouquet’ ’メアリローズ’ ’Summer Fragrance’ and old Chinese rose ’Old Blush’ as female parents, and wild rose Rosa xanthina Lindl. as male parent. The hybrid immature embryos were used as material to research the factors such as sterilization methods, embryo ages, stripping embryo methods and culture methods that effect the germination of immature embryo. And it turned out that the best sterilization effect was 0.1% Hg Cl used to the ovule of distant hybridization immature embryo in Rosa, and it doesn’t matter to the germination of immature embryo. The embryo rescue age could not be less than 30 days. Immature embryos could germinate on MS medium +GA_(3) 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L, adding activated carbon 1 g/L. The germination rate was related to the hybrid parents. In all hybrid combinations, the best germination rate was 46.7% of the cross Jewish Bouquet ×Rosa xanthina Lindl. Removal of the pericarps was good for embryo germination;the highest germination rate was46.7% when all the pericarp were removed. The two-step culture method can improve the seedling rate of immature hybrid embryos of Rosa. The establishment of the immature embryo culture system of distant hybridization provides technical guarantee for breeding new varieties with excellent characters and outstanding resistance in Rosa.

关 键 词：月季 远缘杂交 未成熟胚 胚挽救 

分 类 号：S685.12[农业科学—观赏园艺]