不同授粉方式对草莓生理和果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Pollination Methods on Physiology and Fruit Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)

作　　者：苑智华[1] Yuan Zhihua(Ulanqab Vocational College,Ulanqab,012000)

机构地区：[1]乌兰察布职业学院,乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第19期6551-6556,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY19331)资助。

摘　　要：动物授粉可以提高产量并提高果实品质,但昆虫授粉对收获前和收获后果实生理和品质的影响在很大程度上是未知的。本研究分析了自花授粉、开放授粉和人工授粉对草莓发育的生理反应和果实品质的影响。研究显示,自花授粉的草莓种子座果率低31.3%、植物激素生长素浓度降低、畸形果实较多(62.1%)、果实最小且最轻。但开放和人工授粉的草莓大小和重量无显著差异。开放式和人工授粉的草莓的IAA浓度显著较高。自花授粉的果实表现出较高的糖(8.1%总可溶性固形物)和较低的可滴定酸浓度(0.7%),较高的pH值(3.5%),较高的糖酸比例(9.7)。与开放授粉相比(7.5%和0.8%),人工授粉导致水果糖含量更低(6.8%),酸含量更高(0.9%)。本研究认为,通过昆虫授粉可改善草莓果实的植物激素表达,提高果实品质,有助于减少作物损失。Animal pollination can increase yield and improve fruit quality. However, the effect of insect pollination on the physiological and quality of fruits before and after harvest is largely unknown. This study analyzed the effects of self-pollination, open pollination and artificial pollination on physiological responses and fruit quality of strawberry development. Studies have shown that self-pollinated strawberry seeds have a low fruit setting rate of 31.3%, reduced phytohormone auxin concentrations, more malformed fruits(62.1%), and have the smallest and lightest fruits. However, there was no significant difference in the size and weight of open and artificially pollinated strawberries. Open and artificially pollinated strawberries have significantly higher IAA concentrations. Self-pollinated fruits exhibited higher sugar(8.1% total soluble solids) and lower titratable acid concentrations(0.7%), higher pH values(3.5%), higher sugar acid ratios(9.7). Compared with open pollination(7.5% and 0.8%), artificial pollination resulted in a lower fruit sugar content(6.8%) and a higher acid content(0.9%). This study believes that insect pollination can improve the expression of phytohormones in strawberry fruit, improve fruit quality, and help reduce crop losses.

关 键 词：草莓 自花授粉 人工授粉 开放授粉 昆虫授粉 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]