4种杨梅果实挥发性有机物及品种间的亲缘关系分析  

Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in 4 Kinds of Myrica rubra Fruits and Their Relationship Among Varieties

作　　者：陈方永[1] 王引[1] 倪海枝[1] 颜帮国 Chen Fangyong;Wang Yin;Ni Haizhi;Yan Bangguo(Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Taizhou,318026)

机构地区：[1]浙江省柑橘研究所,台州318026

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第19期6557-6563,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：浙江省农科院浙东特色果树学科建设项目;浙江省十三五杨梅育种专项(2016C02052-2);浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2019SY05-1)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究通过GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)和感官评价,对2个白杨梅和2个紫红色杨梅的果实挥发性成分进行检测及与松树的亲缘关系进行分析。GC-MS检测结果表明,4个杨梅品种中共检测到醛类、酸类、酮类、醇类、酯类、酚类、烯烃、烷烃8大类60种挥发性有机物,其中荸荠含32种、永嘉白杨梅含25种、上虞白杨梅、野乌均为18种。该4种杨梅的3种主要挥发性成分种类不同,其中永嘉白杨梅主要为松油烯-4-醇、1-甲基-4-(1-甲基亚乙基)环己烯、松油烯,占53.30%;野乌为石竹烯、L-松油醇和D-柠檬烯,占53.77%。上虞白杨梅为松油烯-4-醇、松油烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯,占61.37%;荸荠为石竹烯、乙酸乙酯、邻异丙基甲苯,占73.22%。对马尾松脂进行定性检测,主要成分为α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯,与杨梅无对应成分。与此同时,对杨梅叶片和松针叶的ISSR分子标记分析结果表明,荸荠与野乌、上虞白杨梅与永嘉白杨梅的亲缘关系密切,与马尾松无亲缘关系。因此,研究认为杨梅果实的松香味可能是杨梅在进化过程中的特征表现形式,与杨梅的遗传演化和选育结果有关,与马尾松树无关。In this study, GC-MS and sensory evaluation were used to analyze the volatile components of the fruits of 2 white M. rubra and 2 purple M. rubra. Meanwhile, their relationship among each other and massion pine(Pinus massoniana) were detected. The GC-MS test results showed that, there were 60 volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in 8 categories, including aldehydes, acids, ketones, alcohols, esters, phenols, olefins and alkanes, found in the four M. rubra cultivars. Among which, 32 were found in M. rubra cv Biqi, and 25 were found in M. rubra cv Yongjia. 18 were both found in M. rubra cv Shangyu and M. rubra cv Yewu. The three main volatile components of the four M. rubra were different, among which, Yongjia was mainly composed of turpentine-4-alcohol,1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-ethyl) cyclohexene and turpentinene, accounting for 53.30%. Yewu was caryophyllene,L-turpinol and D-limonene, accounting for 53.77%. Shangyubaiyangmei was composed of pinole-4-alcohol,pinolene, 1,3,8-p-menthotriene, accounting for 61.37%. Biqi were caryophyllene, ethyl acetate and o-isopropyl toluene, accounting for 73.22%. The main components of masson pine resin were α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene,which were different with M. Myrica. At the same time, ISSR molecular marker analysis of bayberry leaves and pine needles showed that Biqi had close relationship with Yewu, Shangyubaiyangmei had close relationship with Yongjia bayberry, but not with Masson’s pine. Therefore, it is suggested that the pine aroma of M. Myrica fruit may be the characteristic expression form in the evolutionary process, which is related to the genetic evolution and breeding results, and has nothing to do with masson pine.

关 键 词：杨梅(Myrica rubra) 挥发性有机物 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：S667.6[农业科学—果树学]