基于EDEM的带状深松全层施肥铲作业参数优化与试验  

EDEM-based Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Full-layer Fertilization Shovel for Strip Subsoiling

作　　者：刘立晶[1,2] 马超 刘忠军[1,2] LIU Lijing;MA Chao;LIU Zhongjun(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machinery System Technology,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [2]土壤植物机器系统技术国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第10期74-83,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：中国机械工业集团有限公司重大科技专项任务计划项目;中国农业机械化科学研究院自研项目。

摘　　要：为了实现一次施肥满足作物不同生育期的养分需求并提高肥料利用率,设计了一种适用于带状免耕播种机的深松全层施肥铲,并对深松铲、施肥管和施肥板的夹角进行理论分析与设计,得到关键参数的理论值。采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计试验,以肥量均匀变异系数为响应指标,以工作速度和作业深度为影响因子,利用EDEM建立深松全层施肥铲的离散元仿真模型,模拟深松全层施肥铲的工作过程,通过仿真分析得出试验数据;运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析和响应面分析,得到最优工作参数组合为:工作速度3.81 m/s,作业深度25.22 cm。取工作速度4 m/s、作业深度25 cm进行田间试验,结果表明,本文设计的施肥铲在最优工作参数下,0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~15 cm、15~20 cm土层的肥量均匀性变异系数分别为41.05%、24.11%、20.31%、14.63%,试验值与理论优化值相对误差为10.89%、4.06%、2.37%、3.10%。The method of deep loosening and full-layer fertilization can prepare a sowing belt suitable for seed growth and development.It is a combination of plowing and no-tillage.It takes both“free”and“tillage”into consideration,which is a superior protection.Full-layer deep loosening fertilization is of great significance to improve fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental pollution.To satisfy the crop nutrient requirements of a different growth period with one-time fertilization,and improve fertilizer utilization,a subsoiling full-layer fertilizing shovel suitable for corn planter was designed.The angle between the subsoiling shovel,fertilizing tube,and fertilizing plate was analyzed theoretically and designed,and the theoretical values of key parameters were obtained.The experiment with quadratic regression rotation combination design was designed,which taking uniform variation coefficient of fertilizer as response index,working speed and working depth as influencing factors,and using EDEM to establish a discrete element simulation model of the subsoiling full-layer fertilization shovel,the working process of the subsoiling full-layer fertilization shovel was simulated and the experimental data was obtained through simulation analysis.Design-Expert was used to perform variance analysis and response surface analysis on the experiment data to obtain the optimal working parameter combination,which were as follows:the working speed was 3.81 m/s,and the working depth was 25.22 cm.Field experiment results showed that under the optimal working parameters of this design,the coefficient of variation of fertilizer uniformity was 41.05%,24.11%,20.31%and 14.63%,and the relative error between the experimental value and the theoretical optimization value was 10.89%,4.06%,2.37%and 3.10%.

关 键 词：免耕播种机 带状 深松 全层施肥 EDEM 

分 类 号：S225.912[农业科学—农业机械化工程]