电液混合调控式大蒜播种机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Electro-hydraulic Mixed Garlic Planter

作　　者：张春岭[1,2] 吴晓庆 谢东波 王晴晴 张杰 陈黎卿 ZHANG Chunling;WU Xiaoqing;XIE Dongbo;WANG Qingqing;ZHANG Jie;CHEN Liqing(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Engineering Laboratory,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省智能农机装备工程实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第10期166-174,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT2019036)。

摘　　要：针对传统大蒜播种装备自动化程度低而导致的播种合格率和作业效率低等问题,设计了一种电液混合调控式大蒜播种机。该机主要由电控播种装置、播深调节装置、参数检测装置和人机交互界面等组成。以单片机为核心控制器,利用速度传感器和旋转编码器,实现了株距与作业速度的匹配;分析开沟入土阻力与入土深度关系,确定了播深调节液压装置关键部件;结合光电传感器和显示屏,完成了作业参数实时显示与播种异常报警功能。以杂交蒜为试验对象,分别进行了播深一致性试验、播量检测试验和播种质量试验,结果显示,播深调节平均误差为4.7%,播深变异系数平均值为5.3%;播量检测平均误差为4.0%;播种合格率为83.7%,漏播率为6.2%,满足大蒜播种农艺要求,且较同种条件下以汽油机为动力源的大蒜播种机漏播率降低3.1个百分点。Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of garlic sowing mechanization and inconvenient adjustment of sowing depth,an electro-hydraulic mixed garlic planter was designed.The system was mainly composed of electronically controlled seeding device,sowing depth adjustment device,parameter detection device and human-computer interaction interface.The single chip microcomputer was used as the core controller,and the speed sensor and rotary encoder were used to realize the match of plant distance and operating speed.The relationship of trench resistance and depth was analyzed to determine the key components of the hydraulic device for depth adjustment.Combined with the use of photoelectric sensors and display screen,the real-time display of operating parameters and alarm function for abnormal seeding were completed.Taking the hybrid garlic as the experiment object,the sowing depth consistency experiment,sowing quantity detection experiment and sowing quality experiment were conducted respectively.The results showed that the average error of sowing depth adjustment was 4.7%,and the coefficient of variation of sowing depth was 5.3%.The qualified rate of sowing was 83.7%,and the missed sowing rate was 6.2%,which met the agronomic requirements of garlic sowing.The average error of sowing rate detection was 4.0%,and compared with the same kind of conditions,the missed sowing rate of garlic planter with gasoline engine as the power source was reduced by 3.1 percentage points.The research results can provide a certain reference for the mechanization and automation of garlic sowing.

关 键 词：大蒜 播种 电液混合调控 播深一致性 播种质量 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]