不同灌溉方式下旱直播水稻光合特性与干物质积累动态  

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation Dynamics of Dry Direct Seeding Rice

作　　者：魏永霞 曹晓强[1] 冀俊超 张学文 刘慧 吴昱[4] WEI Yongxia;CAO Xiaoqiang;JI Junchao;ZHANG Xuewen;LIU Hui;WU Yu(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Arts and Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学文理学院,哈尔滨150030 [4]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第10期358-368,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC040010101)。

摘　　要：为探究东北黑土区不同灌溉方式对旱直播水稻生长生理特征的影响,按照不同的灌溉方式设置了滴灌旱直播(DH)、漫灌旱直播(MH)和淹灌旱直播(HS)3个试验处理,以当地常规的插秧淹灌(CK)为对照。通过拟合曲线定量分析了不同处理的干物质积累过程动态变化特征以及水稻各生育阶段光合特性指标的变化。结果表明,不同处理水稻干物质积累量均随着生育时间推进呈现慢快慢的“S”形曲线变化规律,但干物质积累量、快速增长起止时间、生长速率以及生长周期则表现出随灌溉方式的不同而不同,干物质积累量由大到小依次为HS、MH、DH、CK,其中CK处理干物质理论最大积累量为3190.65 g/m^(2),而DH、MH和HS处理干物质理论最大积累量较CK增加17.74%~52.57%,为3756.81~4867.88 g/m^(2);CK处理水稻快速积累期开始于分蘖中期,其他处理水稻快速积累期开始于分蘖中期向分蘖末期过渡阶段,不同处理的水稻干物质快速积累期均结束于乳熟期。不同灌溉方式的光合特性指标也有所不同,抽穗开花期后,旱直播处理叶绿素SPAD较CK处理下降快;除分蘖末期外,旱直播处理净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和气孔导度(G_(s))均低于CK处理,气孔限制值(L_(s))均高于CK处理。相关分析表明,旱直播水稻干物质积累量与叶绿素SPAD、P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。通过对光合特性参数和干物质积累量分析表明,旱直播DH、MH和HS处理光合特性劣于CK处理,而干物质积累量优于CK处理;HS处理光合特性及干物质积累量优于DH与MH处理。研究结果可为东北黑土区水稻种植模式选取提供理论依据。In order to explore the influence of different irrigation methods on growth and physiological characteristics of dry direct seeding rice in the black soil region of Northeast China,according to different irrigation methods,three test treatments were set:drip irrigation dry direct seeding(DH),flood irrigation dry direct seeding(MH)and basin irrigation dry direct seeding(HS),with conventional basin irrigation(CK)as control.The dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation process and photosynthetic characteristics of rice at different growth stages were quantitatively analyzed by fitting curves.Results showed that dry matter accumulation of rice under different treatments presented a slowfastslow S-curve change rule along with growth time,but dry matter accumulation,start-stop time of rapid growth,growth rate and growth period varied with irrigation methods.The dry matter accumulation of rice in descending order was HS,MH,DH and CK.The rapid growth period of rice treated with CK started in the middle tillering stage,and the rapid growth period of rice in other treatments started at the transitional stage from the middle tillering stage to the end tillering stage.The rapid dry matter growth period of the different treatments all ended in the milk maturity stage.After heading and flowering period,chlorophyll SPAD value in dry direct seeding treatment was decreased faster than that in CK;except late tillering stage,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and stomatal conductance(G_(s))in dry direct seeding treatment were lower than that in CK,and stomatal limit value(L_(s))was higher than that in CK.The correlation analysis showed that the dry matter accumulation of dry direct seeding rice was positively correlated with chlorophyll SPAD value,P_(n),T_(r)and G_(s)(P<0.01).The analysis of photosynthetic characteristics parameters and dry matter accumulation showed that dry direct seeding DH,MH and HS had lower photosynthetic characteristics than that in CK,while dry matter accumulation was better than that

关 键 词：东北黑土区 旱直播水稻 灌溉方式 干物质积累 光合特性 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S511[农业科学—农业工程]