不同颜色地膜和滴灌土壤湿润比对土壤水热及甘薯生长的影响  

The Colour of Mulching Plastic Film and Drip Irrigation Amount Combine to Affect Water and Thermal Condition in Soil and Sweet Potato Growth

作　　者：胡英杰 张友良 冯绍元[1] 王凤新[2] HU Yingjie;ZHANG Youliang;FENG Shaoyuan;WANG Fengxin(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou 225009,China;Center for Agricultural Water Research in China,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国农业大学中国农业水土问题研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第10期33-42,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20180929);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51809225);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2020T130559);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2019M651977)。

摘　　要：【目的】为山东日照地区甘薯种植提供技术支持。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置3种颜色地膜处理:黑色膜(BM)、透明膜(TM)和不覆膜(NM),以及3种滴灌湿润比处理:不灌溉(P0)、30%湿润比(P1)、60%湿润比(P2),共9个处理,探究了不同颜色地膜和滴灌湿润比对土壤温度、土壤含水率以及甘薯生长发育和产量品质的影响。【结果】在相同湿润比条件下,覆膜处理可以显著提高甘薯生育前期土壤温度,到生育后期,覆膜和不覆膜之间差异变小;而在相同覆膜条件下,不同湿润比的土壤温度相差不大。在典型天(阴天),P2处理的土壤温度变化幅度小于P1处理和P0处理的。在生育前期TM处理较BM处理和NM处理可以增加表层土壤含水率,覆膜在多雨季节可以增加地表径流,降低土壤含水率;在相同覆膜条件下,不同湿润比的土壤含水率没有明显规律。在相同湿润比条件下,BM处理产量高于NM处理和TM处理;而在相同覆膜条件下,P1处理的产量最高。覆膜和P1处理的滴灌湿润比可以显著影响甘薯的茎粗、蔓长。覆膜可以显著提高甘薯地下干物质量和地上干物质量。覆膜颜色和滴灌湿润比对甘薯品质没有显著影响,BM处理的增产效果最为明显。【结论】黑膜和30%滴灌湿润比处理的产量最高。【Objective】Plastic-film mulching combined with drip irrigation is a common cultivation method in areas facing water resource shortage,but how and if the film colour affects water and thermal condition in soil is not well understood.The aim of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap via experimental studies so as to provide technical support for crop production【.Method】The field experiment was conducted at Rizhao,Shandong province with sweet potato used as the model plant.We compared transparent(TM)and black(BM)plastic films,with no-mulching taken as the control(CK).Added to each mulching were three drip irrigation treatments:without irrigation(P0),irrigation with a wetting ratio of 30%(P1),and irrigation with a wetting ratio of 60%(P2).In each treatment,we measured soil temperature,soil water content,crop growth and development,and the ultimate fruit yield and quality.【Result】At the same irrigation wetting ratio,mulching significantly increased soil temperature in the early growth stage of the crop,but the difference between mulching and non-mulched waned as the crop grew.In contrast,when the mulching film was the same,there was no significant difference in soil temperature between different irrigation wetting ratios.On cloudy days,soil temperature in P2 did not vary as much as that in P1 and P0,and TM increased the surface soil water content more than BM and NM in the early reproductive stage of the crop.In rainy seasons,mulching enhanced surface runoff and hence reduced soil water content.There was no significant difference in soil water content between different wetting ratios when the mulching film was the same;when the irrigation wetting ratio was the same,BM had higher yield than NM and TM.When the mulching film was the same,the yield of P1 was the highest.Mulching combined with P1 significantly changed the stem diameter and vine length of the crop.It was found that mulching also significantly improved both below-and above-ground dry matter.Mulching film colour and drip irrigation wetting ratio

关 键 词：甘薯 覆膜 土壤水热 品质 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]