拔节期水氮处理对冬小麦植株生长及氮肥吸收利用的影响  

The Combined Impact of Irrigation and Fertigation on Nitrogen Uptake of Winter Wheat at Jointing Stage

作　　者：张笑培[1,2] 周新国 王和洲[1,2] 杨慎骄 陈金平[1,2] 刘安能 ZHANG Xiaopei;ZHOU Xinguo;WANG Hezhou;YANG Shenjiao;CHEN Jinping;LIU Anneng(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu,Shangqiu 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第10期64-70,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508301,2017YFD0800605);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203077)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索黄淮地区冬小麦适宜水氮管理模式。【方法】通过田间小区试验,研究在基施氮肥(纯N)150 kg/hm2条件下,拔节期不同灌水0 mm(W1)、60 mm(W2)、90 mm(W3)和追氮0 kg/hm2(N1)、75 kg/hm2(N2)、150 kg/hm2(N3)对冬小麦生长状况、产量构成和氮肥吸收利用的影响。【结果】拔节期增加灌溉和施氮量均可显著提高冬小麦叶面积指数、株高、地上部干物质量、籽粒产量和氮素吸收量。追氮量超过75 kg/hm2对小麦的生长性状、产量、氮素吸收量增加效果不显著,尤其是在W3处理下。千粒质量与籽粒产量极显著负相关,LAI、株高、地上部干物质量、穗粒数、成穗数均与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关。拔节期增加灌水量,氮肥生产效率和籽粒氮肥吸收利用率增加,WUE降低;增加追氮量,氮肥生产效率和籽粒氮肥吸收利用率降低,WUE增加。W3N2显著提高了产量和籽粒吸氮量,分别比其他处理增加了1.33%~65.92%和4.63%~59.25%,从而显著提高了氮肥生产效率和籽粒氮肥吸收利用率。【结论】综合考虑作物生长性状、产量和氮肥吸收利用效率,W3N2是最佳的水氮管理模式,可以获得更高产量的同时消耗较少的氮肥,增加氮肥吸收利用效率。【Background and objective】Most agriculture-induced eco-environmental problems in north China are due to poor management in irrigation and fertigation of winter wheat,especially the use of nitrogen(N)fertilizer.Uptake of Nby the wheat and its associated use efficiency depend on many biotic and abiotic factors,and the aim of this paper is to experimentally investigate how to improve them by optimally combining irrigation and fertigation at the jointing stage.【Method】The experiment was carried out in a field.It compared three irrigations:rain-fed(W1),irrigating 60 mm(W2),and 90 mm(W3)of water.For each irrigation treatment,there were three nitrogen top-dressing treatments:0 kg/hm^(2)(N1),75 kg/hm2(N2)and 150 kg/hm^(2)(N3).The basal nitrogen application in all treatments was 150 kg/hm^(2).In each treatment,we measured the physiological traits,yield and Nuptake of the crop.【Result】The leaf area index(LAI),plant height,aboveground biomass,grain yield and Nuptake all increased significantly as the irrigation and nitrogen applications increased.However,when Ntop-dressing exceeded 75 kg/hm^(2),a further increase in Napplication did not have a significant effect on physiological traits of the crop,especially in W3 irrigation treatment.Grain yield was negatively correlated to the 1000-grain weight at significant level;LAI,plant height,aboveground dry matter,grain numbers per spike,panicle numbers per spike were all positively correlated to the grain yield at significant level.With the increase in irrigation amount at the jointing stage,Nproduction efficiency,grain Nabsorption and Nutilization efficiency all increased,while the WUE decreased.With the increase in Ntop-dressing amount,Nproduction efficiency,as well as grain Nabsorption and Nutilization efficiency decreased,while the associated WUE increased.W3+N2 significantly increased grain yield and Nuptake by 1.33%~65.92%and 4.63%~59.25%,respectively,compared with other treatments【.Conclusion】Considering crop growth and yield,as well as Nuptake and Nutilizat

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌水 氮肥 氮肥吸收利用率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S143.1[农业科学—农业工程]