水肥一体化条件下控灌稻田土壤氮素及水稻生长特性研究  

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Growth of Paddy Rice Using Controlled Fertigation

作　　者：李帅[1] 卫琦[1] 徐俊增[1,2] 王海渝 周姣艳[3] LI Shuai;WEI Qi;XU Junzeng;WANG Haiyu;ZHOU Jiaoyan(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology,Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering science,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Kunshan City Water System Dispatching and Information Management Office,Kunshan 215300,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [3]昆山市城市水系调度与信息管理处,江苏昆山215300

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第10期79-86,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(B200202097)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示水肥一体化施肥方式下稻田土壤氮素及水稻生长变化规律,为优化水肥管理、提高氮素利用效率、减少面源污染提供理论指导。【方法】以水稻穗肥施用为例,设置小区试验,研究了不同施肥条件下控灌稻田土壤氮素分布、水稻生长变化和产量。设置施肥方式(H为人工撒施、A为水肥一体化施肥)、施肥量与频次(F为常规施肥水平367 kg/hm2、R为减量施肥水平267 kg/hm2)2个试验因素,共计4个处理HR、AR、HF、AF。【结果】①与人工撒施相比,水肥一体化施肥方式下稻田土壤NH4+-N量提高27.4%~50.7%(p<0.05),NO3--N量降低15.2%~33.3%(p<0.05),稻田土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N的分布均匀度增加31.0%和41.0%。②水肥一体化施肥方式下水稻分蘖数和株高平均提高7.5%和17.4%(p<0.05),水稻产量平均增加16.4%。③相较于1次追肥,2次追肥能够有效提高水稻分蘖(8.5%~9.4%)、株高(3.7%~4.0%)、产量(6.3%~7.1%),且能在较长时间内保持稻田土壤NH4+-N量的适宜与稳定。【结论】水肥一体化施肥方式配合“减量分次”施肥管理能够有效提高稻田土壤NH4+-N量、促进水稻生长和产量提高,对于提高土壤氮素分布均匀度、氮素高效利用以及降低氮素淋溶风险具有促进作用。【Objective】Nitrogen(N)loss from paddy fields is an environmental concern in rice production in the south of China.How to improve N use efficiency and alleviate its loss is an important issue in developing sustainable agriculture.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of controlled fertigation to achieve this【.Method】The experiment was conducted in a paddy field and nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the panicle stage.We compared two fertilizations:conventional fertilization topdressing 367 kg/hm^(2) of N fertilizer,and reduced fertilization topdressing 267 kg/hm^(2) of N fertilizer(R).For each fertilization,the N fertilizer was either applied by hand-broadcasting(H),or through fertigation applied with irrigation.In each treatment,we measured N distribution in soil,rice growth and yield【.Result】①Depending on N fertilization rate,the fertigation increased ammonium and nitrate contents in the soil by 27.4%~50.7%and 15.2%~33.3%respectively(p<0.05),and their distribution uniformity in the soil by 31.0%and 41.0%,respectively,compared with the hand-broadcasting application.②On average,fertigation increased tiller numbers and rice height by 7.5%and 17.4%(p<0.05),rice yield by 16.4%,respectively,compared with the hand-broadcasting method.③Compared with topdressing only once,topdressing N twice could effectively increase the tillering by 8.5%~9.4%,rice height by 3.7%~4.0%,and ultimate yield by 6.3%~7.1%,while in the meantime maintaining ammonium content in the soil stable for a prolonged period.④Compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization,fertigation combined with reducing fertilizer and more topdressing not only reduced N loss but also improved ammonium content and its distribution uniformity in the soil.【Conclusions】Fertigation can reduce N fertilizer application without compromising rice yield.It increased ammonium content in soil and improved rice growth and its ultimate yield;it can thus be used as an improved cultivation to increase N use efficiency and redu

关 键 词：水肥一体化 控制灌溉 稻田 土壤氮素 水稻生长 

分 类 号：S28[农业科学—农业水土工程]