不同施磷方式对滴灌棉田土壤磷动态及无机磷组分的影响  

The Ways of Fertilizing Phosphorus Affects Its Dynamics and Inorganic Forms in Drip-irrigated Cotton Field

作　　者：张曼玉 李小伟 杨海昌 张凤华[1] 杨磊[1] 马文新 范吉虎 ZHANG Manyu;LI Xiaowei;YANG Haichang;ZHANG Fenghua;YANG Lei;MA Wenxin;FAN Jihui(Agricultural College,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co.,Ltd.,Changji 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第10期87-94,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2018M643823XB);石河子大学青年创新人才计划项目(CXPY201910);石河子大学科研项目(ZZZC201918A)。

摘　　要：【目的】改善土壤磷素状况、土壤无机磷组分,提高磷肥利用效率。【方法】于2019―2020年在新疆昌吉进行2 a的田间试验,设置4个处理,分别为DF1:底肥全部基施(追肥以氨基酸水溶肥为主);DF2:底肥全部基施(追肥以微生物复合肥为主);NF1:底肥全部追施(追肥以氨基酸水溶肥为主);NF2:底肥全部追施(追肥以微生物复合肥为主)。分别在棉花蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期和收获期采集土壤样品,测定了土壤有效磷、微生物量磷、无机磷组分和棉花产量。【结果】与DF1、DF2处理相比,NF1、NF2处理能够显著提高棉花花铃期、吐絮期、收获期0~20 cm土层的有效磷和微生物量磷。NF1、NF2处理的Ca2-P分别在棉花花铃期均达到最高,Ca10-P、AL-P在棉花花铃期达到最低,Ca8-P在蕾期至吐絮期增加,但在收获期降低。土壤有效磷与Ca2-P显著正相关,与Ca10-P和AL-P显著负相关。底肥全部追施的施肥方式可显著提高土壤中直接磷源的量,降低向缓效磷源的转化量,从而提高了土壤中磷的有效性。相比底肥全部基施的施肥方式,底肥全部追施的施肥方式可使棉花产量平均增加7.5%。【结论】通过减少底肥的施入量,根据作物需肥规律精准定量施入磷肥可增加土壤有效磷,减少土壤磷素向无效磷源的转化,增加作物产量。【Background and objective】Soil in most regions in Xinjiang of China are rich in calcium(Ca),and long-term application of phosphate fertilizer could result in chemical reactions between phosphorus(P),Ca and iron,thereby enriching soil P.This could reduce the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer.Since 1997,Xinjiang has promoted mulched drip irrigation-fertilization with the fertilizers directly delivered to the root zone to improve their use efficiency.Due to the poor mobility of P in soil,how to optimize P fertilization to change its form so as to facilitate its uptake by crops is important but remains obscure.The purpose of this paper is to address this knowledge gap.【Method】A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at a cotton field in Changji,Xinjiang.It consisted of four treatments:basal application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using amino acid solution(DF_(1)),basal application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using microbial fertilizers(DF_(2)),additional application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using amino solution(NF_(1)),additional application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using microbial fertilizers(NF_(2)).In each treatment,soils were sampled at the bud,flower boll,boll opening and harvest stages to measures bioavailable P,microbial P,inorganic P forms and the ultimate cotton yield.【Result】NF1 and NF2 significantly increased effective P and microbial P in the 0~20 cm soil at flower boll,boll opening and harvest stages,compared with DF1 and DF2.In terms of inorganic P forms,NF1 and NF2 increased Ca2-P content in 0~20 cm soil at boll stage,reduced Ca10-P and AL-P content at boll stage,and increased Ca8-P content from the bud to boll opening stage first and reduced it at the harvest stage.Soil effective P was positively correlated to Ca2-P and negatively correlated to Ca10-P and AL-P,both at significant level.Topdressing all base fertilizers can significantly increase P input to soil and reduce its conversion to slow-acting P,thereb

关 键 词：施肥方式 有效磷 磷分级 磷积累 滴灌 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]