我国节瓜遗传育种研究进展  

Research Progresses in Genetic Breeding of Chieh-qua in China

作　　者：何晓明[1] 彭庆务[1] 王敏 闫晋强 HE Xiaoming;PENG Qingwu;WANG Min;YAN Jinqiang(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第9期1-11,共11页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32002038);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-23-G-48);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202103TD,202114TD);广东省科技计划项目(2019A050520002)。

摘　　要：节瓜是我国的特产蔬菜,也是华南地区重要的蔬菜作物,主要在广东、广西、海南等地种植,产品除本地销售外还销往港澳市场,作为高经济价值作物在农业产业结构调整中发挥重要作用。概述了我国数十年来节瓜遗传育种的研究进展:总结了节瓜种质资源搜集、保存、鉴评工作;综述了节瓜育种技术及相关遗传机理研究进展,包括雌性系材料创制、性型遗传机制和调控机理研究,节瓜枯萎病病原菌和抗病性鉴定研究、抗性材料鉴评及创制技术研究、抗枯萎病机理研究,节瓜耐热性鉴评和耐热机理研究,产量、品质等重要性状的遗传研究和相关基因/QTL定位及克隆,节瓜分子育种技术及细胞工程技术研究等;展示了数十年来我国在节瓜雌性系育种和杂种优势利用、抗病抗逆育种、品质育种等方面取得的成就。在此基础上,分析了目前节瓜遗传育种研究工作中存在的问题,并对未来节瓜种质资源鉴评和创制、实用化分子育种技术等应用基础研究、特色优质多样化品种选育及其产业化发展进行了展望。Chieh-qua,a special vegetable in our country and an important vegetable crop in South China,is mainly planted in Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan,and consumed in these provinces as well as in Hong Kong and Macao markets.As a high-value crop,it plays an important role in the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure.In this review,the research progresses in genetic improvement of chieh-qua in the last decades in China were summarized,including:(1)progress of germplasm resources collection,conservation,evaluation and innovative utilization of chieh-qua;(2)advances in chieh-qua breeding techniques and related genetic mechanisms,including development of gynoecious materials,inheritance and regulatory mechanisms,identification of fusarium wilt causing pathogen and evaluation of disease resistance,evaluation and creation technology of resistant materials,study of mechanisms of fusarium wilt resistance,heat tolerance evaluation and study of heat tolerance mechanism,the inheritance and QTL mapping and gene cloning of important agronomic traits(yield and quality)in chieh-qua,molecular breeding technology and cell engineering technology of chiehqua;(3)achievements in gynoecious breeding,heterosis utilization,disease resistance and stress resistance breeding as well as quality breeding.It also analyzed the present problems in genetic improvement of chieh-qua and prospected the evaluation and creation of chieh-qua germplasm resources,practical molecular breeding technology,breeding of diversified and characterized cultivars and related industrialization development in the future.

关 键 词：节瓜 种质资源 雌性系 枯萎病抗性 耐热 品质育种 生物技术 

分 类 号：S642.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]