广东蒲瓜育种研究60年  

Research on Breeding of Bottle Gourd in Guangdong in the past Sixty Years

作　　者：彭庆务[1] 王敏 何晓明[1] 杨松光 林毓娥[1] 刘文睿[1] PENG Qingwu;WANG Min;HE Xiaoming;YANG Songguang;LIN Yu’e;LIU Wenrui(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第9期32-39,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2018B020202007,2019A050520002);广东省对外科技合作平台项目(2020A0505020006);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202103TD,202114TD)。

摘　　要：蒲瓜属于葫芦科葫芦属栽培种,适应性较强,生长期较长。其肉质软滑味甜,深受广大消费者喜爱。回顾广东蒲瓜60年育种研究的历程,这是广东蒲瓜品种从农家种向一代杂种发展的重要时期。广东蒲瓜育种起步晚,前期进展慢。20世纪60年代,广东省农业科学院率先在全省开展蒲瓜资源调查及地方品种整理研究工作,至90年代中期共向国家种质资源库上交蒲瓜种质资源16份,占全国蒲瓜收集资源总数的6.6%,处于蒲瓜育种研究的起步阶段。2000年后广东各地先后育成了美丰一号、美绿一号和粤丰一号等蒲瓜常规品种,以及早蒲2号、永乐、青秀、短瓠蒲瓜、利农杂交系列蒲瓜等一代杂交品种,广东蒲瓜育种由此步入快速发展阶段。未来广东蒲瓜育种将在现阶段基础上开展种质资源的收集与评价、多抗优质新品种选育、耐寒(耐热)品种选育与保护地育种,并结合现代生物技术开展育种研究,提高广东生态区域蒲瓜新品种的选育效率,以促进广东地区蒲瓜育种再上新台阶。Bottle gourd,an important vegetable crop in the Cucumis genus of Cucurbitaceae family,has strong adaptability and long growing period,which are beneficial for yield.The bottle gourd is appreciate by consumers because of its soft,smooth and sweet fruit.In this review,the progress of breeding research of bottle gourd in the past 60 years was summarized.This was an important period for the development of Guangdong bottle gourd varieties from farm species to F1 hybrids.The progresses of bottle gourd breeding in Guangdong were delayed in the early breeding age.In the 1960s,the resources of bottle gourd were first investigated by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.After that,16 collected bottle gourd germplasm resources,about 6.6%of the total national bottle gourd resources were transferred to the National Germplasm Repository in the mid-1990s,which was in the beginning stage of breeding research of bottle gourd.After 2000,conventional varieties,such as Meifeng No.1,Meilv No.1 and Yuefeng No.1 and the first hybrid varieties,such as Zaopu No.2,Yongle,Qingxiu,Short bottle gourd and Linong hybrid series bottle gourd were successively bred in Guangdong,indicating a new development era is coming in the bottle gourd breeding in Guangdong.In the future,researches on bottle gourd breeding will be carried out such us the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources,the breeding of new varieties with high quality and multiple resistance,cold-tolerant(heat-resistant)varieties,and varieties suitable for protected areas growth.Furthermore,combined with modern biotechnology,breeding researches will be conducted to improve the breeding efficiency of new bottle gourd varieties in Guangdong with a view to promoting the breeding of bottle gourd to a new level.

关 键 词：广东 蒲瓜 育种 资源 多抗优质 耐寒(耐热) 

分 类 号：S642.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]