部标一级优质稻双黄占的育成及创新——水稻核心种质育种实例  

Breeding and Innovation of Shuanghuangzhan,A High-quality Rice Variety Reaching the Ministry Standard First-class——A Case of Rice Core Germplasm Breeding

作　　者：王志东[1] 王重荣[1] 陈宜波[1] 李宏[1] 黄道强[1] 周德贵[1] 赵雷 龚蓉 潘阳阳 周少川[1] WANG Zhidong;WANG Chongrong;CHEN Yibo;LI Hong;HUANG Daoqiang;ZHOU Degui;ZHAO Lei;GONG Rong;PAN Yangyang;ZHOU Shaochuan(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology for Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第10期60-68,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2001AA241011,2006AA1021F7,2010AA101808,2014AA10A604-19,2014AA10A603-10);广东省应用型科技专项(2015B020231001);岭南现代农业实验室科研项目(NT2021001);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202111TD)。

摘　　要：以黄华占、黄广油占、黄广华占1号等优质稻核心种质衍生系统为主体,在核心种质育种理论指导下,依据核心种质理想株型模式筛选高产抗倒伏材料,应用分子标记辅助选择和病区鉴定相结合筛选稻瘟病抗性基因,利用近红外光谱技术筛选中低直链淀粉材料,采用感官品尝结合米饭食味计分鉴定选择优异食味品质材料。将传统系谱法、生物技术和先进仪器设备有机综合运用,选育出部标一级优质稻双黄占通过了2021年广东省农作物品种审定,实现了高产、稳产、优质、抗病和耐寒等优良基因的有效累加聚合。双黄占在不同年度和不同区域试验中表现株型理想,丰产性好,适应性广,稻瘟病抗性好,耐寒性强,米质达部标一级,米饭食味佳,稻米食味品质优异。区域试验结果表明双黄占是一个综合性状十分优良的广适性优质常规稻品种,在南方稻区具有广阔应用前景和巨大推广价值。双黄占主要选育创新有稻瘟病鉴定方法创新,稻米食味品质鉴定方法创新,理想株型选择方法创新。探讨了双黄占品种进一步改良的策略。Taking Huanghuazhan,Huangguangyouzhan,Huangguanghuazhan 1 and other high-quality rice core germplasm derivation systems as the main subjects,under the guidance of core germplasm breeding theory,materials with high-yield lodging resistance were screened according to the ideal plant type model of core germplasm.Molecular markerassisted selection and disease area identification were used to screen blast resistance genes.The low and medium amylose materials were screened by near infrared spectroscopy,and the materials with excellent taste quality were selected by sensory taste and rice taste meter.Through the organic and comprehensive application of traditional pedigree method,biotechnology and advanced instruments and equipment,a high-quality rice variety Shuanghuangzhan with ministerial standard of first class was selected and approved by Guangdong Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021,realizing the effective accumulation and aggregation of excellent genes such as high yield,stable yield,high quality,disease resistance and cold tolerance.Shuanghuangzhan showed ideal plant type,good yield,wide adaptability,good resistance to rice blast and strong cold tolerance in different years and regional experiments.The rice quality reached the first class of the ministry standard,with good rice taste and the excellent rice taste quality.The results of regional experiments showed that Shuanghuangzhan was a high-quality conventional rice variety with wide adaptability and excellent comprehensive characters,with broad application prospects and great promotion value in southern rice areas.The main breeding innovations of Shuanghuangzhan include rice blast identification method,rice taste quality identification method and ideal plant type selection method.The further improvement strategies of Shuanghuangzhan varieties were discussed.

关 键 词：水稻 优质稻 双黄占 核心种质 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.033[农业科学—作物学]