溪流生物体内脂肪酸特征及其生态健康评价应用  

Response of Organismal Fatty Acids to the Ambient Environment of Stream Ecosystems and Potential Application for Stream Health Assessment:A Review

作　　者：张珂 汪兴中[3] 陶捐 谭香[1] 张全发[1] ZHANG Ke;WANG Xing-zhong;TAO Juan;TAN Xiang;ZHANG Quan-fa(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development.Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,P.R.China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]湖州师范学院水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究浙江省重点实验室,浙江湖州313000 [4]云南大学云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第5期19-28,共10页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(31720103905)。

摘　　要：全球溪流生态系统受人类活动的影响日益加剧,其健康受到了严重威胁。寻找一种综合简便的健康评价指示物对溪流生态系统的健康评价、保护和管理至关重要。脂肪酸是参与生物体营养物质代谢的重要小分子化合物,是主要能量物质之一。生态系统中脂肪酸的可获得性因初级生产者不同而存在差异,部分脂肪酸在营养级之间的迁移转化具有很好的保守性,并且生物体脂肪酸组成与含量对环境变化的响应敏感,使得其在河流健康评价中有着潜在的应用前景。介绍了脂肪酸的命名规则、分类方式、合成途径及重要生理功能特征;详细描述了溪流生态系统中底栖藻类、浮游生物、大型底栖无脊椎动物和鱼类等脂肪酸样品的采集、预处理及测定方法,归纳了这几种生物类群中脂肪酸组成及含量对外界各环境因素变化的响应;总结了以初级生产者中的脂肪酸组成作为生态系统健康评价生物指示物的可行性,提出了以初级生产者(藻类)脂肪酸评价溪流生态健康的方法体系及发展方向。Stream ecosystems around the world are increasingly affected by human activities and their health is threatened.Therefore,it is vital to find simple,reliable indicators of stream health to support the assessment,conservation and management of stream ecosystems.Fatty acids are a class of small biomolecules associated with metabolic processes and they are the main energy source of cells.The abundance of certain(signature)fatty acids varies with the existing suite of primary producers in the ecosystem.The transfer of certain fatty acids between trophic levels is very conservative and the fatty acid profiles of organisms respond sensitively to environmental change.These characteristics all result in the prospect of broad application for assessing river health.In this paper,we firstly review the nomenclature,classification,biosynthesis and important physiological functions of fatty acids.Secondly,sample collection,pretreatment and determination of fatty acids in benthic algae(or algae in periphyton),plankton,macroinvertebrates and fish are described in detail.Thirdly,the composition and content of fatty acids in different organisms responding to changes in ambient condition are summarized.The feasibility of using fatty acids from primary producers as bioindicators of stream health is then discussed,along with the reasons for not using the fatty acids of consumers.Finally,we propose a methodology and suggest potential directions for the development of stream health indicators based on the fatty acid profiles of algae.

关 键 词：溪流 生态健康评价 脂肪酸 浮游生物 底栖藻类 大型底栖无脊椎动物 鱼类 生物指示物 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]