京杭运河苏北段秋冬季浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系  

Autumn and Winter Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Northern Jiangsu Section of Grand Canal

作　　者：李港 林妙丽 陈诚[1,2] 何梦男 王智源 严晗璐 胡晓东 张建华[4] 陈求稳[1] LI Gang;LIN Miao-li;CHEN Cheng;HE Meng-nan;WANG Zhi-yuan;YAN Han-lu;HU Xiao-dong;ZHANG Jian-hua;CHEN Qiu-wen(Eco-environmental Research Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 2100292,P.R.China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,P.R.China;Jiangsu Research Institute of Hydraulic Science,Nanjing 210017,P.R.China;Department of Water Resources of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210024,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所,江苏南京210029 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [3]江苏省水利科学研究院,江苏南京210017 [4]江苏省水利厅生态河湖处,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第5期119-126,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0830800);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52070132);江苏省水利科技项目(2019004)。

摘　　要：分析浮游植物群落结构和环境因子的关系,评估河流的水生态状况,为京杭运河苏北段的水生态环境保护提供参考。2020年10月(秋季)和2021年1月(冬季),对京杭运河苏北段布设的16个采样点开展了系统的水环境和浮游植物调查,根据Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和浮游植物细胞丰度进行了水质及水体营养状态的评价,利用Pearson相关性分析浮游植物与环境因子的关系。结果显示:京杭运河苏北段秋冬季共采集到浮游植物8门101种,其中秋季7门52种、冬季5门63种,秋冬季均是以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,2个门类的种类数在秋冬季浮游植物种类总数的占比分别达到了73%和82%;秋季浮游植物细胞丰度均值为49.1×10^(4)个/L,生物量均值为0.344 mg/L,冬季浮游植物细胞丰度均值为15.0×10^(4)个/L,生物量均值为0.193 mg/L;秋冬季浮游植物优势种主要以硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)和绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为主;秋季浮游植物的多样性评价结果优于冬季,秋冬季水体营养状态均为中营养型,相关性分析表明氮对京杭运河苏北段浮游植物群落结构的影响大于磷;行船引起的水体扰动也是造成浮游植物群落差异的重要因素。The northern Jiangsu section of Grand Canal is an important channel in the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project,and it has a significant influence on water quality.In this study,we systematically investigated the water environment and phytoplankton at 16 sampling sites in the northern Jiangsu section of Grand Canal in October 2020(autumn)and January 2021(winter).Phytoplankton community structure was explored based on investigation results and the relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Water quality and nutrient status were evaluated based on cell abundance and the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness indices.A total of 101 phytoplankton species from 8 phyla were identified during the investigation.Among them,52 phytoplankton species from 7 phyla were observed in autumn and 63 species from 5 phyla were found in winter,with absolute dominance by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta,accounting respectively for 73% and 82% of the total species in autumn and winter.The mean values of phytoplankton density and biomass were 49.1×10^(4) cells/L and 0.344 mg/L in autumn and 15.0×10^(4) cells/L and 0.193 mg/L in winter.The dominant species were different in autumn and winter,but most of them belonged to either Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta.The ranges for the phytoplankton diversity index(H′)and evenness index(J)were 1.096-2.372 and 0.250-0.636 in autumn,and 0.707-2.452 and 0.273-0.613 in winter.Although the indices were better in autumn,a mesotrophic state was indicated in both seasons in the northern Jiangsu section of the Grand Canal.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the effect of nitrogen on phytoplankton community structure was greater than that of phosphorus.Water disturbance caused by shipping was an important factor producing differences in the phytoplankton community.Our research provides a reference for the ecological management of the northern Jiangsu section of the Grand Canal.

关 键 词：京杭运河苏北段 水生态状况 浮游植物 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] Q142[生物学—普通生物学]