黑水河下游岸边带植物群落空间格局与相对水位响应关系  

Relationship Between Spatial Pattern of Riparian Vegetation and Relative Water Level in Lower Heishui River

作　　者：何术锋 张辉 杨培思 李婷 王骏 莫康乐 陈求稳[1] HE Shu-feng;ZHANG Hui;YANG Pei-si;Li Ting;WANG Jun;MO Kang-le;CHEN Qiu-wen(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第5期127-136,共10页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0408901);国家自然科学基金青年基金(51809175)。

摘　　要：探明河流相对水位与岸边带植物群落分布关系,为河流岸边带生态系统管理和修复提供理论依据。于2019年12月和2020年7月分别对金沙江一级支流黑水河下游进行植物调查,共设置6个点位108个植物样方,统计分析其植物群落组成、结构以及优势种,结合水文情势分析植物分布和相对水位关系。结果表明,黑水河下游岸边带共有21科45属50种植物,种类组成上以菊科为主,生活型上以多年生草本植物为主,乔木和灌木相对较少。在相对水位0.55~1.25 m分布的岸边带植物主要为一年生草本鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper),多年生草本芦苇(Phragmites australis)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)和灌木蓖麻(Ricinus communis)多分布在相对水位1.25~1.80 m的位置,多年生乔木银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)则占据相对水位1.80 m以上的生存空间。新生裸露岸边带在水位变化作用下,先锋入侵物种鬼针草被禾本科白茅和芦苇取代,灌木类杭子梢属成为灌木优势物种,合欢属成为乔木类优势物种,分布呈阶梯式,沿河床至高地依次为裸露滩地、草本和灌木优势种以及乔木优势种。Water level fluctuation affects species composition,dominance and evolution of the riparian vegetation community,and therefore,the entire riparian ecosystem.In this study,we explored the relationship between relative water level and the spatial distribution of riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heishui River,based on vegetation surveys conducted at six sites in December 2019 and July 2020.The six sampling sites were set along 30 km of the riparian zone,upstream and downstream of the Laomu River Dam.A total of 18 plots were set at each site:2 arbor plots(10 m×10 m),4 shrub plots(5 m×5 m)and 12 herb plots(1 m×1 m).Measurements recorded in each plot included altitude,species,number,coverage and height.Composition,structure and dominant species of the vegetation community were statistically analyzed and the relationship between riparian vegetation distribution and relative water level was analyzed in combination with the hydrological situation.A total of 50 plant species from 45 genera and 21 families were found in the lower reaches of Heishui River.Compositae was the dominant taxa,and the primary life form was perennial herbaceous plants,with relatively few trees and shrubs.In the riparian zone with relative water level of 0.55 m-1.25 m,the vegetation community was dominated by annual herbaceous vegetation such as Bidens pilosa and Polygonum hydropiper.The perennial herb Phragmites australis,Imperata cylindrica and the shrub Ricinus communis were mostly distributed in the riparian zone 1.25 m-1.80 m above water level.The small tree Leucaena leucocephala occupies the zone 1.8 m above water level.In newly formed riparian areas produced by the changing water level,the pioneer invasive species Bidens pilosa was replaced by the grasses Imperata cylindrica and Phragmites australis,Campylotropis became the dominant shrub species,and the dominant tree species was Albizia.To summarize,in newly formed bottomlands,herbaceous species,shrubs and then trees were successively distributed along the gradient from wetland

关 键 词：黑水河 岸边带 植物群落 相对水位 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]