不同血统含量、世代及胎次奶牛体型线性评分研究  

Study on linear evaluation with different blood content,different generations and different parity of dairy cattle

作　　者：李耀东 吴宁 LI Yaodong;WU Ning(College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China;Gansu Huajia Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Lintao 730500,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]甘肃华加牧业科技有限公司,甘肃临洮730500

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2021年第10期26-29,共4页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：西北民族大学引进人才科研项目(Z15124);西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(31920180005,31920190025)。

摘　　要：为了选出优秀体型奶牛群体,提高全群产奶量,试验选取不同血统含量、不同世代、不同胎次的286头奶牛开展体型线性评分研究。结果显示:纯种荷斯坦牛体型总评分、乳房评分、体躯结构评分(P<0.05)以及乳用特征评分高于或显著高于低代杂种,而低代杂种肢蹄评分、尻部评分高于纯种;2世代奶牛在肢蹄评分、体躯结构评分、乳用特征评分方面显著高于0世代(P<0.05),0世代尻部评分显著高于2世代(P<0.05);2胎次奶牛总评分、乳房评分、肢蹄评分以及体躯结构评分显著高于1胎次(P<0.05),2胎次以后总评分呈下降趋势。提示:应加强纯种荷斯坦牛的肢蹄和尻部结构选育工作,从而减少肢蹄病和产科疾病的发生,使得奶牛群体高产健康长寿。In this study,linear evaluation was carried out on cows with different blood content,different generations and different parities in order to select cows of outstanding body size and to improve the milk production of the whole group.The results showed that the total score,udder score,body structure score(P<0.05)and milk characteristic score of the purebred Holstein cows were higher or significantly higher than those of the lowly hybrid breed;while the hooves score and croup score of the lowly hybrid cows were higher than those of the purebred Holstein cows.The scores of hooves,body structure,and milk characteristics in the generation 2 cows were significantly higher than those in the generation 0 cows(P<0.05),and the croup scores of the generation 0 cows were significantly higher than those of the generation 2 cows(P<0.05).The total score,udder score,hooves score,and body structure score of the 2 nd parity cows were significantly higher than those of the 1 st parity cows(P<0.05).The total score showed a downward trend after the 2 nd parity cows.This study provided practical reference for the breeding and selection of dairy cattle.In the future,we should strengthen the breeding of hooves and croup in purebred Holstein cows,so as to reduce the occurrence of hoof and obstetrical diseases,and to make the whole herd produce high yield and enjoy a healthy and long life.

关 键 词：奶牛 体型线性评分 血统含量 世代 胎次 选育 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]