太空环境下血管重塑引起骨量丢失的研究进展  

The mechanism of bone loss caused by vascular remodeling in space environment

作　　者：陈乾 崔进 CHEN Qian;CUI Jin(College of Basic Medical Sciences, the People's Liberation Army Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433;Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军海军军医大学基础医学院,上海200433 [2]海军军医大学长海医院创伤骨科,上海200433

出　　处：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2021年第10期1508-1511,共4页Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis

摘　　要：在太空环境下,由于重力缺失导致的力学刺激减少等原因,宇航员的骨量会发生明显丢失。既往微重力模型下骨量丢失机制的研究表明,宇航员在太空环境下骨量丢失与骨内血管重塑密切相关。微重力环境下,下肢的血流量明显减少,血压降低,导致骨内血管发生重塑,血管数量减少、直径缩窄,进而导致骨内灌注压的降低。以上机制影响骨陷窝-骨小管内间质液的流动和物质转移,改变骨细胞周围微环境。骨细胞作为骨组织的力学感受器,受到间质液剪切应力的调节后,进一步调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活性,导致骨稳态破坏,最终造成废用性骨质疏松。本文通过查阅近年来微重力下血管重塑与骨量丢失的相关研究,理清二者之间的关系,以为太空环境下防治骨质疏松提供帮助。The bone mass of astronauts may significantly decrease in space environment,due to the reduction of mechanical stimulation caused by loss of gravity.Researches on the mechanism of bone loss in models of microgravity report that the occurrence of osteoporosis in astronauts in space is closely related to intra-osteal vascular remodeling.In microgravity environment,the blood flow of the lower limbs significantly reduces,and blood pressure is lowered,Results ing in the remodeling of intra-osteal vessels,reduction of vessel number and the constriction of vessel diameter,and the reduction of bone perfusion.The above mechanism affects the flow of interstitial fluid and the transfer of substances in bone lacuna-tubule.In this way,the microenvironment of osteocytes changes.Osteocytes,which serve as mechanoreceptor in bone tissue,regulate the activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts under the regulation of interstitial shear stress.The balance of bone formation and resorption is destroyed and disused osteoporosis occurs.This paper reviews the recent studies on vascular remodeling and bone mass loss under microgravity.The relationship between them is clarified.This may provide help for the preventing and treating osteoporosis in the space environment.

关 键 词：骨重塑 微重力 骨髓微循环 NO 

分 类 号：R681.8[医药卫生—骨科学]