冰核观测中两种滤膜采样方法的比较  

Comparison of two filter collection methods in ice nucleus observation

作　　者：周德平[1,2] 张晋广[2] 陈刚[2] 李成龙 洪也[1] 苏航[3] 王扬锋[1] ZHOU De-ping;ZHANG Jin-guang;CHEN Gang;LI Cheng-long;HONG Ye;SU Hang;WANG Yang-feng(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China;Liaoning Weather Modification Office,Shenyang 110166,China;Liaoning Meteorological Observatory,Shenyang 110166,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]辽宁省人工影响天气办公室,辽宁沈阳110166 [3]辽宁省气象台,辽宁沈阳110166

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2021年第5期49-55,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1507900);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所基金项目(2020SYIAEJY17)共同资助。

摘　　要：大气冰核观测是研究自然冷云降水和人工影响天气的一项基础性工作,滤膜—扩散云室法是观测冰核浓度的主要方法之一。为检测分析两种滤膜采集方法对冰核观测结果的影响,2011—2015年用自制的大气颗粒物采样器和FA-3型撞击式9级采样器开展了平行采样试验,采集的滤膜样本均在同一静力扩散云室中进行冰核活化显现分析。结果表明:自制采样器较9级采样器观测的冰核浓度高数倍甚至数十倍,但两者随季节和不同气象条件的变化表现出一致的起伏特征。自制采样器适用于对大气中总的冰核浓度分布及理化特征研究;9级采样器适用于对PM_(10)中不同粒径段大气冰核浓度和尺度分布以及理化特征的研究。滤膜法对冰核数量的低估与采样体积成正比,改变采样器气泵的抽气流量和控制采样体积对改进“体积效应”影响均有明显效果。Atmospheric ice nucleus observation is a basic work for studying natural cold cloud precipitation and artificial weather modification,and the filter-diffusion cloud chamber method is one of the main methods for observing ice nucleus concentration.To evaluate the influence of the two filter collection methods on the observation results of ice nuclei,a parallel sampling experiment was carried out from 2011 to 2015 with a self-made atmospheric particulate sampler and an FA-3 impact 9-stage sampler.The results show that despite the ice nucleus concentration observed by the self-made sampler was several times or even tens of times higher than that of the 9-level sampler,they varied simultaneously in various seasons and meteorological conditions.The self-made sampler was suitable for the study on the total ice nucleus concentration distribution and physical/chemical characteristics in the atmosphere,while the 9-level sampler was suitable for the study on the atmospheric ice nucleus concentration,scale distribution,and physical/chemical characteristics of the various particle diameter sections of PM_(10).The underestimation of the number of ice nuclei by the filter method was proportional to the sampling volume.Changing the pumping flow of the sampler′s air pump and controlling the sampling volume had a significant influence on improving the"volume effect".

关 键 词：大气冰核 气溶胶采样器 微孔滤膜 静力扩散云室 

分 类 号：P426.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]