矿区排矸场地形重塑中自然地形要素的计算与分析——以宁夏宁东羊场湾矿区废弃地为例  

Calculation and analysis of natural terrain elements in the reconstruction of gangue dump in a mining area:A case study of the abandoned land of Yangchangwan mining area in Ningdong,Ningxia

作　　者：蔡懿轩 杨刚[1,2] 张成梁 顾清敏 CAI Yixuan;YANG Gang;ZHANG Chengliang;GU Qingmin(School of Information Science & Technology of Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;National Forestry and Grassland Forestry Intelligent Information Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, 100083, Beijing, China;Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute, 100089, Beijing, China;National Energy Group Ningxia Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Liability Company Yangchangwan Coal Mine, 751410, Lingwu, Ningxia, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学信息学院,北京100083 [2]国家林业草原林业智能信息处理工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]轻工业环境保护研究所,北京100089 [4]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司羊场湾矿区,宁夏灵武751410

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第5期10-18,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“西北干旱荒漠区煤炭基地生态安全保障技术”项目(2017YFC0504400)。

摘　　要：以宁夏宁东羊场湾矿区一区排矸场为研究实例,围绕矿区近自然地形重塑中有关自然地形特征的3个关键问题进行探讨并提出解决方案。对于“参照区域选择问题”,提出重点以流域的邻近性、相似性等因素为依据,以流域为选取单位进行参照区域的确定;对于“参数选择问题”,紧密结合近自然地形重塑的应用需求,选取流域地貌形态特征、沟道形态特征和局部地表形态特征3类共14项参数作为刻画参照区自然地形特征的要素;对于“参数计算问题”,给出系统的计算路线。基于所提出的方法,对一区排矸场及其周边的自然地形进行分析,确定参照区域,并对其自然地形特征参数进行计算。参数分析表明:该地区72.74%的区域坡度<5°,在7×7最佳分析窗口下计算得到平均地形起伏度为2.53 m,整体地形较为平缓;地形粗糙度在(1.000~1.019]之间,地表侵蚀程度较小;目标流域内91%的沟道比降<0.03,以低度蜿蜒沟道和中度蜿蜒沟道为主。相比于被扰动的待重塑区,自然流域区域的沟道密度明显更大,流域圆度更小。[Background]Near-natural topographic reconstruction refers to the undisturbed natural terrain surrounding mining area as reference for topographic remodeling design of the abandoned land in the mining area.Therefore,understanding topographic features of local undisturbed natural area is a prerequisite for near-natural topography reconstruction.In this process,there are a series of problems to be explored:selection of reference area,parameter selection,parameter calculation,etc.This article took gangue dump in the first district of Ningdong Yangchangwan Coal Mine as a research example,discussed and proposed solutions around the above three key issues.[Methods]For the selection of reference area,we took the proximity,similarity factors of watershed as basis,and used watershed as the selected unit to determine reference area;for the parameter selection,we closely integrated application requirements of near-natural topography reconstruction.Total 14 parameters in three types of watershed geomorphological characteristics,gully morphological characteristics and local surface characteristics were selected as elements to describe natural topographic characteristics of reference area;for the problem of parameter calculation,we formulated a systematic calculation route and specific calculation methods.[Results]Based on the proposed method,we selected total 21 level I sub-watersheds around gangue dump in the first district of Yangchangwan Coal Mine in Ningdong as reference watersheds,which determined the reference areas for near-natural topography reconstruction.14 natural terrain feature parameters were calculated and analyzed.These parameters showed that study area integrally formed more gentle slope<5°,slope and micro ground accounted 72.74%;overall relief was small,at best analysis window 7×7(1234.82 m^(2))was calculated as average relief of 2.53 m,72.1%of relief of the area between 0 and 3 m;96.63%of surface roughness from 1.000 to 1.019,which indicated that surface erosion degree was small;91%of total area of target

关 键 词：地形特征 近自然地形重塑 流域地貌 宁东 羊场湾矿区 

分 类 号：TP75[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TD88[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]