黄土区侵蚀沟道环境资源位与植物生态位对位配置  

Counterpoint configuration of environmental resource position and plant niche of gully erosion in Loess Plateau

作　　者：赵秀兰[1,2] 张富 张金霞[3] 张宏奎 王玲莉 ZHAO Xiulan;ZHANG Fu;ZHANG Jinxia;ZHANG Hongkui;WANG Lingli(The College of Forestry in Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China;Gansu Zhongheyu Ecological Environment Consulting Center, 730030, Lanzhou, China;The College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering in Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China;Chongxin County Forestry Technology Extension Station, 744200, Pingliang, Gansu, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃中和育生态环境咨询中心,兰州730030 [3]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州730070 [4]崇信县林业技术推广站,甘肃平凉744200

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第5期19-26,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金项目“不同措施下黄土丘陵沟壑区生态系统水土保持功能分析”(GSAU-XKJS-2018-105);2021年甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广项目“甘肃省淤地坝水沙利用与风险管控研究”(甘水建管发[2021]71号)。

摘　　要：基于甘肃黄土高原小流域侵蚀沟道自然特征,针对水土保持植物措施对位配置模式中存在问题。采用气象学统计、空间插值法和生态适宜度模型,对侵蚀沟道不同地形部位小气候因子的分异规律及数量特征进行研究,分析沟道环境资源位、植物生态需求位及生态适宜度。结果表明:侵蚀沟道立地条件可以按照地形部位、坡向、坡度、土壤类型及水分因子划分为10种类型,不同立地条件类型差异明显,沟台地等环境资源位较好的立地条件具有较高的植物生态适宜度指数,适宜植物种类较多,而沟坡适宜植物种类较少;要选择生态适宜度指数≥0.5的植物种进行侵蚀沟道植物措施配置,且应配套相应的整地工程,才能够提高植物种的成活率和水土保持植物措施效益。对位配置模式应用具有良好的植物生长发育效果,能为沟道治理措施的选择及措施间科学配置提供理论依据,指导黄土高原小流域沟道水土流失治理的实践。[Background]The severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau results in the ecological balance imbalance,restricting the sustainable development of the social economy.The erosion gully is not only the basic unit of ecological environment management,but also the main source of regional erosion and sediment production.In the research of erosion gully management,the plant measures and the site condition allocation of erosion gully are lack of in-depth theoretical discussion.Therefore,the phenomenon of“small old trees”and“three lows”of plants often occur,which limits the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures.[Methods]The Luoyugou and Lu′ergou watersheds in the third sub-region of the loess hilly and gully region,Anjiagou and Chenggou river watersheds in the fifth sub-region,and the Nanxiaohegou watershed in the loess high plateau gully region were selected as the study areas.Meteorological statistics,spatial interpolation,ecological suitability models,and field survey methods were used to calculate the differentiation law and quantitative characteristics of the environmental factors of the microclimate in different terrain parts of the erosion channel,to analyze the environmental resource level of the gully environment and the ecological demand level of plants,to calculate the ecological suitability of plant species,and to propose a counterpoint configuration model.[Results]Erosion gully site conditions were divided into 10 types according to topography,slope direction,slope,soil type and water factor.The site conditions were mainly gully slopes and gully terraces.The air temperature,ground temperature,and water pressure in the erosion gully varied regularly with months in the shady and sunny slopes and the bottom of the gully.The annual sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature on the sunny slope were significantly higher than that on the shady slope when the slope was the same.In different types of areas,the annual sunshine hours was as:The third sub-regions of the loess>loess sorgh

关 键 词：侵蚀沟道 生态需求位 植物措施 对位配置 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]