新疆莫索湾垦区150团防护林防护效益分析  

Analysis on protection benefit of shelterbelt in Regiment 150 of Mosuowan,Xinjiang

作　　者：尚白军 吴书普 周智彬[1,2,3] 宋春武[1,2,3] 郑博文 SHANG Baijun;WU Shupu;ZHOU Zhibin;SONG Chunwu;ZHENG Bowen(National Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Engineering Technology Research Center, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China;Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;Taklimakan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences, 841000, Korla, Xinjiang, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,国家荒漠绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆石河子832000 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠研究站,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第5期45-52,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院关键技术人才(Y932111);中国科学院战略先导科技专项“美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”(XDA23060203).

摘　　要：莫索湾垦区150团地处沙漠腹地,北、西、东三面被沙漠环绕,团场防沙基干林和天然荒漠林是团场农业生产和生活环境的生态屏障,研究团场防护林的防护效益能够为团场生态防护林的合理构建提供科学指导。以莫索湾垦区150团为研究对象,通过ENVI 5.2计算疏透度,并选取疏透度和郁闭度(盖度)评估防护林的防沙效益。结果表明:1)150团各行政单位林地面积、人均林地占有量的变异系数(CV)分别为64.61%和87.89%,表明两者处于中等程度变异(10%<CV<100%),覆盖度的变异系数为163.36%,属于强变异(CV>100%),表明各行政单位林地覆盖度差异较大;各行政单位农田林网化变异系数为24.97%,属中等程度变异。2)由疏透度可知,团场防护林疏透度大多高于0.40,防护林的防护效益有待优化。3)外围灌木防护林盖度在30%~44%之间,属于中度郁闭,内部乔木防护林郁闭度大多数高于0.70,属于高度郁闭。强烈的风沙侵蚀、水分供应不足和种植密度过高是导致北部地区防护林出现大面积退化的主要原因,生态环境保护政策和生态屏障建设高投入是团场防护林整体向良性发展的主要原因。[Background]The reclamation area,Regiment 150 of Mosuowan is located into desert hinterland,and its north,west and east sides are surrounded by desert.The sand-preventing forest and natural desert forest are the ecological barriers of agricultural production and living environment in 150 regiments,and the study of protective benefits of shelterbelt can provide scientific guidance for the rational construction of ecological shelterbelt.[Methods]Regiment 150 in Mosuowan reclamation area were taken as the research object,the light penetrating porosity was calculated by ENVI 5.2,and the light penetrating porosity and canopy density(coverage)were selected to evaluate the sand-controlling benefits of the shelter forest.[Results]1)The coefficient of variation(CV)of forest land area and per capita forest land occupancy for each of Regiment 150 was 64.61%and 87.89%,respectively,indicating that they were in moderate variation(10%<CV<100%).The coefficient of variation of coverage was 163.36%,which was a strong variation(CV>100%),indicating that the coverage of forest land of each administrative unit was significantly different and the variation coefficient of farmland forest network of each administrative unit was 24.97%,which was a moderate variation.2)As learned from the light penetrating porosity,most of the group farm shelterbelt's porosity was higher than 0.40,and the protection benefit of shelterbelt needed to be optimized.3)The coverage of the peripheral shrub shelter forest ranged from 30%to 44%,belonging to moderate canopy density,the canopy density of the internal arbor shelter forest was higher than 0.70,which belonged to high canopy density.[Conclusions]Strong wind-sand erosion,insufficient water supply and high planting density are the main reasons for the large-scale degradation of the shelterbelt in the northern region,and the policy of ecological environment protection and high investment in ecological barrier construction are the main reasons for the benign development of shelterbelts in 150 regiments.

关 键 词：疏透度 郁闭度 防护效益 新疆 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]