川东紫色土区坡耕地边沟土壤保持效益——以重庆万州区长岭镇砂质壤土为例  

Soil conservation benefits of side ditches on slope farmland:Taking the sandy loam soil in Changling town,Wanzhou district,Chongqing as an example

作　　者：蔡雄飞[1,2,3,4] 赵世杰 徐佩 王济[1,4] 王玉宽 CAI Xiongfei;ZHAO Shijie;XU Pei;WANG Ji;WANG Yukuan(School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, 550001, Guiyang, China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China;Wanzhou Station of Reservoir Eco-environment Monitoring, 404020, Chongqing, China;The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, 550001, Guiyang, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,1,成都61004 [3]万州典型区生态环境监测重点站,重庆404020 [4]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第5期82-89,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“坡地边沟水土保持作用机理研究”(40871134);贵州科技计划项目“喀斯特山区坡耕地作物套种模式水土保持机理研究”([2019]1231);环境科学与工程硕士学位授权点2021专项资金。

摘　　要：为了研究坡耕地边沟(简称地边沟)土壤保持效益,选取重庆市万州区长岭镇作为大田模拟试验点,开展27场人工模拟降雨试验。结果表明:1)当地边沟沟底纵向坡度(简称沟底坡度)为1°或0°时,地边沟具有良好的土壤保持效益,土壤保持率在50.7%~83.5%之间,当沟底坡度增大到3°时,土壤保持效益很差,平均土壤保持率仅为13.6%;2)沟底坡度是影响地边沟土壤保持效益的主要因子,与土壤保持率呈显著线性负相关关系;3)沟底坡度一定时,不同降雨强度和含沙量条件下,沟中泥沙输入量和沉积量均不同,但泥沙沉积率变化较小。当沟底坡度为0°时,沟中泥沙沉积率在77.0%~83.5%之间,平均79.0%;当沟底坡度为1°时,沟中泥沙沉积率在50.7%~62.8%之间,平均55.5%;当沟底坡度为3°时,沟中泥沙沉积率在9.6%~19.1%之间,平均13.6%。同沟底坡度、降雨强度条件下,小区处理方式不同,其坡面总来沙量和沟中总沉积量不同,但沉积率变化不大。[Background]Slope Farmland Side Ditch(SFSD)has been widely used in the prevention and control of soil and water loss in the hilly area of southern China for a long time,where the purple soil hilly area in East Sichuan is the most common.Although there is a long history of practice and application about confluence of long slope(block)on one side of trench,the mechanism of water and sediment transport and deposition is still unclear.[Methods]A typical of purple soil in terms of distribution area and type,Wanzhou district was selected as the experimental area to ascertain the benefit and mechanism of soil conservation.Therefore,27 events of field simulation experiments based on artificial rainfall were done in the region of Wanzhou,Chongqing.[Results]1)When the bottom slope of the SFSD was 1°or 0°,the SFSD had good soil conservation effect.The soil conservation was 50.7%-83.5%.When the bottom slope of the SFSD increased to 3°,the SFSD soil conservation was very poor,and the average soil conservation was only 13.6%.2)The bottom slope of the SFSD was the main factor that affected the soil conservation effect of the SFSD and which had a significant linear negative correlation with soil conservation.3)Under the same bottom slope of the SFSD,different rainfall intensity and sediment concentration,both sediment input and sediment deposition were different,but the sediment rate changed little.When the bottom slope of the SFSD was 0°,the deposition rate of sediment was between 77.0%and 83.5%,with an average of 79.0%.When the bottom slope of the SFSD was 1°,the deposition rate of sediment was 50.7%-62.8%,with an average of 55.5%.As the slope increased to 3°,the deposition rate of sediment was 9.6%-19.1%with an average of 13.6%.[Conclusions]Under the condition of same rainfall intensity and the bottom slope of the ditch,the treatment methods of the plot were different.The total amount of sand on the slope and the total deposition in the ditch were different,but the deposition rate did not change much.

关 键 词：坡耕地边沟 沟底坡度 泥沙 土壤保持 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]