双高低温敏核不育水稻的鉴定和应用研究  

Studies on Identification and Application of Low Temperature Sensitive Genic Male-sterile Rice with High Critical Sterile Temperature and High Thermo-tolerant in Reproductive Stage

作　　者：张霖 刘艳 刘欢[1] 向志攀[1] 陈依君 陈慧玲 戴小军[1] 毛丹丹[1] 梁满中[1] 陈良碧[1] ZHANG Lin;LIU Yan;LIU Huan;XIANG Zhi-pan;CHEN Yi-jun;CHEN Hui-ling;DAI Xiao-jun;MAO Dan-dan;LIANG Man-zhong;CHEN Liang-bi(Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application,College of Life Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院作物不育资源创新与利用湖南省重点实验室,中国湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《生命科学研究》2021年第5期393-399,424,共8页Life Science Research

基　　金：国家十三五重大课题资助项目(2016YFD0101107)。

摘　　要：低温敏核不育系是一类具有低温不育、高温可育特点的杂交水稻育种资源,即利用自然高温繁殖不育系,利用自然较低温度进行杂交制种。目前这类不育系一直没有大面积应用,其主要原因是有关低温敏核不育系的鉴定标准、应用技术体系还不完善,调控花粉不育的分子机制还不清楚。本研究以安全制种和高产繁殖不育系为主要目标开展相关的基础理论和技术探讨,首次提出"双高"低温敏核不育水稻的技术标准:花粉不育的临界温度高(≥28℃),高温(≥32℃水温或自然日均温32℃)条件下结实率高(≥60%);以及鉴定双高低温敏核不育系的方法:在不育系发育进入花粉母细胞时,在恒温28℃的循环水条件下处理幼穗15 d,镜检花粉不育度达99.9%的材料为花粉不育临界温度高的不育系;在不育系发育进入花粉母细胞时,在恒温32℃的循环水条件下处理幼穗15 d (或自然日均温32℃连续6 d),结实率60%以上为耐高温不育系。D3-1S为双高低温敏核不育系,根据双高低温敏核不育系的温度指标和我国水稻主栽区的自然温度变化规律,初步确定低温敏核不育系的安全杂交制种区域和繁殖区域。本研究旨在促进低温敏核不育水稻的研究与应用。Low temperature-sensitive genic male sterile lines are a kind of germplasm resources with low temperature sterility and high temperature fertility. They are propagated at a natural higher temperature and the hybrid seeds are produced at a natural lower temperature. However, this kind of male sterile line has not been widely used, mainly because the identification standard and application technology system of low temperature sensitive genic sterile line remain to be improved, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of pollen sterility is still unclear. This study focuses on the safe seed production and high-yield reproduction of male sterile lines to reveal relevant basic theories and techniques. The technique standard for the"double high"low temperature-sensitive male-sterile rice was for the first time proposed, i.e., the critical temperature for pollen sterility is higher than 28 ℃, and the seed setting rate would be greater than 60% under a higher temperature(water temperature ≥32 ℃ or natural daily average temperature 32 ℃). The method for identifying this kind of rice can be as follows: when the male-sterile lines are in the stage of pollen mother cell formation, the young panicles are treated with constant 28 ℃ circulating water for 15 days. The materials with 99.9% pollen sterility judged by microscopy are sterile lines with pollen sterile at a high critical temperature. And when the sterile line is in the stage of pollen mother cell formation, the young spikes are treated with constant 32 ℃ circulating water for 15 days(or the natural daily average temperature 32 ℃ for 6 consecutive days). Those with the seed setting rate above 60% are the sterile lines with high temperature tolerance. D3-1 S is low thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile line with high critical sterile temperature and high thermo-tolerant in reproductive stage, according to the temperature index of the low thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile line with high critical sterile temperature and high thermo-tolerant in reproductive sta

关 键 词：水稻 低温敏核不育系 花粉育性 临界温度 杂交制种 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]