3种农药在土壤-烟株系统中的迁移降解特征  

The Migration and Degradation Characteristics of Three Pesticides in the Soil-Tobacco Plant System

作　　者：李慧 姜滨 黄择祥 刘莉 邱军[1] 于卫松[1] 孙惠青[1] LI Hui;JIANG Bin;HUANG Zexiang;LIU Li;QIU Jun;YU Weisong;SUN Huiqing(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;China Tobacco Corporation Shandong Branch,Jinan 250101,China;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Yishui,Shandong 276400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]中国烟草总公司山东省公司,济南250101 [3]山东临沂烟草有限公司沂水分公司,山东沂水276400

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2021年第5期63-68,共6页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技项目(201902)。

摘　　要：为明确甲霜灵、噁霜灵和烯酰吗啉3种农药从土壤向烟草叶片的迁移降解及在不同部位叶片中的分布特征,在烟田进行灌根施药,采用GC-MS/MS测定农药残留量,研究了灌根施药方式对烟叶农药残留的影响。结果表明,灌根施药后,3种农药在土壤中的残留量逐渐降低且降解动态符合一级动力学方程;在烟叶中的残留量先升高后降低,不同部位的残留量呈现下部叶>中部叶>上部叶的趋势。甲霜灵、烯酰吗啉在施药后第7天烟叶农药残留量低于最大残留限量标准,噁霜灵在施药后第28天烟叶农药残留量仍高于最大残留限量标准。可见,按推荐高剂量进行灌根施药后,烟叶中甲霜灵、烯酰吗啉超限风险较低,噁霜灵超限风险较高。In order to clarify the migration and degradation of metalaxyl,oxadixyl and dimethomorph from soil to tobacco leaves and their distribution characteristics in different parts of leaves,the effects of root irrigation application methods on pesticide residues in tobacco leaves were studied by GC-MS/MS.The results showed that the residues of the three pesticides in soil decreased gradually after root irrigation,and the degradation dynamics accorded with the first-order kinetic equation.The residues in different parts of tobacco plants showed the trend of lower leaves>middle leaves>upper leaves.The pesticide residues of metalaxyl and dimethomorph in tobacco leaves were lower than the maximum residue limit on the 7th day after application,and the pesticide residues of oxadixyl in tobacco leaves were still higher than the maximum residue limit on the 28th day after application.It can be seen that the risk of metalaxyl and dimethomorph overrun in tobacco leaves was lower,and the risk of oxadixyl overrun was higher after the recommended high dose of root irrigation.

关 键 词：烟草 农药残留 迁移降解 安全性 

分 类 号：TQ450.263[化学工程—农药化工]