哈贝马斯法律商谈理论的深层困境——基于法律与宗教关系的视角  

The Deep Dilemma of Habermas 's Discourse Theory of Law-From the Perspective of the Relationship between Law and Religion

作　　者：徐步华[1] XU Bu-hua(School of Law,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学法学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期121-131,共11页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(14AZD135);安徽省教育厅人文社会科学研究重大项目(SK2015ZD17)。

摘　　要：在前现代范式下,宗教为法律提供合法性来源。基于理性化和宗教世俗化的现代法律范式自17世纪产生以来最为核心的问题就是:“后传统(后形而上学)”法律的合法性何以可能?哈贝马斯拒绝将“后传统社会”法律还原为政治权力或道德的两种解决方案,并重点批判了第三种方案即将法律的合法性基于合法律性之循环论证的困境。为了解决后者的缺陷,他提出了世俗社会法律与宗教关系的模式——法律商谈理论,认为合法律性可以基于商谈原则使法律合法化。但法律商谈理论将法律的合法性基于商谈程序,也未能使法律充分合法化,因为其最终退回到一种类似于宗教的整全性信念之上。由此,现代法律可以独立于宗教或形而上学世界观而合法化这一现代社会共识本身甚至都遭致质疑。Under the pre-modern paradigm,religion provides the source of legitimacy for law.Since the emergence of modern legal paradigm in the 17th century,the most important question is:how can the legitimacy of posttraditional or postmetaphysical law be possible?Habermas refuses to reduce the law of“posttraditional society”to political power or morality,and criticizes the dilemma of the third solution,that is,the circular explanation of the legitimization of law based on legality.In order to solve the defects of the latter,he puts forward the model of the relationship between the law and religion in the secular society-the discourse theory of law,which holds that the legality of law can legitimize the law based on the discourse principle.However,the discourse theory of law basing the legitimacy of law on discourse procedure,also fails to fully legitimize the law,because it finally returns to a kind of comprehensive belief similar to religion.As a result,the modern social consensus that modern law can be legitimized independently of the religious or metaphysical worldview itself has even been questioned.

关 键 词：哈贝马斯 法律与宗教 合法性 合法律性 法律商谈理论 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]