稻虾共作磷素平衡特征及生态经济效益研究  

Phosphorus balance and eco-economic benefits in the integrated rice-crayfish system

作　　者：刘少君 李文博 熊启中 李虹颖[2] 李军利 刘荣[3] 郜红建[1] 叶新新[1] LIU Shaojun;LI Wenbo;XIONG Qizhong;LI Hongying;LI Junli;LIU Rong;GAO Hongjian;YE Xinxin(Anhui Province Key Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001,China;Anhui Liuguo Chemical Industry,Tongling 244021,China)

机构地区：[1]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230001 [3]安徽六国化工股份有限公司,安徽铜陵244021

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第10期2179-2188,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301302);国家自然科学基金项目(41701581);安徽省杰出青年科学基金项目(2008085J13);长江经济带磷资源高效利用创新平台项目(KJ20190197)。

摘　　要：为研究稻虾共作生态系统磷素平衡状况和利用效率,通过田间试验,采用投入产出法,设置3个处理:水稻单作(RM)、稻虾共作投食(RCfeed 1)、稻虾共作不投食(RCfeed 0),分析了稻虾共作种植模式下水稻产量、磷素平衡状况、利用效率、环境风险以及经济效益。研究结果表明:3种处理水稻产量无显著差异;农田磷平衡均表现为盈余,RCfeed 0处理农田磷盈余低于RM和RCfeed 1处理;与RM和RCfeed 1处理相比较,RCfeed 0处理水稻茎叶磷素吸收量显著增加(P<0.05),磷素利用率较高。在种植前期(6—8月),RCfeed 0处理较RCfeed 1处理显著降低了稻田田面水总磷和溶解磷的浓度;在水稻收获时,3个处理间稻田田面水总磷和溶解磷的浓度无显著差异。与RM处理相比较,RCfeed 0和RCfeed 1处理净收入分别增加了54.22%和51.11%。在综合考虑水稻产量效应、磷素平衡、磷素环境风险和经济效益的条件下,稻虾共作不投食模式是一种资源利用率较高、环境风险较小、经济效益好的种养模式。Recently,the rice-crayfish system has developed rapidly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.The integrated rice-crayfish system is an emerging complex ecological system for planting and breeding in this region.The study of P balance and P use efficiency in the integrated rice-crayfish system is of great significance to systematically guide P management,optimize the rice-crayfish symbiosis system,and to assess the environmental and economic benefits.In this study,a field experiment was conducted and included three treatments:rice monoculture system(RM),rice-crayfish with feed(RC feed 1),and rice-crayfish without feed(RC feed 0).The rice yield,P balance,P use efficiency,and economic and ecological benefits of the integrated rice-crayfish system were then analyzed.The results showed that there were no significant differences in rice yield across treatments,and the P balance of all three treatments in the farmland system were in surplus.The P surplus in the RC feed 0 treatment was lower than that in the RM and RC feed 1 treatments.The P uptake efficiency and P accumulation in the stems and leaves of rice in the RC feed 0 treatment were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the RM and RC feed 1 treatments.In the early stage(from June to August),the RC feed 0 treatment significantly reduced the total P(TP)and dissolved P(DP)concentrations in the surface water,compared with the RM and RC feed 1 treatments.There were no significant differences in TP and DP concentrations at the harvest stage.Compared with the RM treatment,RC feed 0 and RC feed 1 treatments increased net revenue by 54.22%and 51.11%,respectively.Considering rice yield,P surplus,and environmental effects,the integrated rice-crayfish system without feed is a suitable alternative for rice crop systems in this area and could be a recommended model for this region due to the high utilization efficiency of resources,low environmental risk,and good economic benefits.

关 键 词：稻虾共作 磷平衡 磷循环 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S966.12