原位和异位发酵床控制生猪养殖废弃物污染对比  

Comparative study of in situ and ectopic fermentation systems in piggery waste control

作　　者：李路瑶 王汉清 李艳苓[1] 刘雪[1] 耿兵[1] LI Luyao;WANG Hanqing;LI Yanling;LIU Xue;GENG Bing(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;Feixi Old Hen Farming and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]肥西老母鸡农牧科技有限公司,合肥230000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第10期2208-2216,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07603-002)。

摘　　要：为了对比原位和异位发酵床应用方式和削减污染物能力的差异,本研究分析了在相同条件下两种发酵床模式对生猪养殖废弃物的处理效果。结果表明:异位发酵床温度和pH值的变化幅度均较小,为嗜热菌群的生长繁殖提供了适宜的环境;与原位发酵床相比,异位发酵床更有利于生猪的生长,生猪平均质量增加33 kg左右;发酵结束时,原位发酵床垫料的优势菌门是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),异位发酵床的优势菌门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门和变形菌门;发酵结束时异位发酵床垫料对生猪养殖废水的吸纳系数为1.96,优于原位发酵床垫料对生猪养殖废水的吸纳系数(1.46)。研究表明,异位发酵床较原位发酵床具有更加稳定的温度和pH值,并且以Bacillus为主的降解菌相对丰度较高,从而加快了微生物的代谢过程,促进了生猪粪污和废弃秸秆的降解。This study aimed to compare the application method and pollution reduction capacity-related differences of the in situ and ectopic microbial fermentation systems.Therefore,we analyzed the treatment effects on pig breeding waste in the two systems under the same conditions.The results showed lower-level changes in the temperature and pH using the ectopic fermentation system,providing a more suitable environment for the thermophilic bacteria.The pigs weighed approximately 33 kg more in the ectopic fermentation system than those in the in situ fermentation system,the former system was thus more conducive to the growth of the animals.At the end of the fermentation process,the dominant bacteria in the in situ fermentation system at the different layers were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes,while those in the ectopic fermentation system were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria.At the end of the experiment,the pig breeding wastewater absorption capacity of the litter was 1.96 in the ectopic fermentation system,representing better results than that of the padding in situ fermentation system(1.46).Compared with the in situ fermentation system,the ectopic fermentation system exhibited more stable temperature and pH values and the relative abundance of Bacillus mainly degrading bacteria was higher,improving the microbial fermentation process and promoting pig waste and rural straw degradation.

关 键 词：原位发酵床 异位发酵床 生猪 废弃物 微生物 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]