京津冀地区农业源氨排放的时空格局与减排潜力  

Spatiotemporal pattern and potential to mitigate ammonia emissions from agriculture in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China

作　　者：吾拉哈提·阿达力别克 展晓莹 周丰[1,2] 居学海 习斌 黄宏坤 靳拓 许丹丹 ADALIBIEKE Wulahati;ZHAN Xiaoying;ZHOU Feng;JU Xuehai;XI Bin;HUANG Hongkun;JIN Tuo;XU Dandan(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [5]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第10期2236-2245,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213304);国家自然科学基金项目(41907087);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF201905);第二次全国污染源普查项目(2110399)。

摘　　要：京津冀地区不合理的肥料和粪便管理造成了大量的氨排放,促进了该地区PM2.5的上升。本研究基于排放因子法和高分辨率活动数据建立了京津冀地区2015—2019年的氨排放清单,阐明了该地区农业源氨排放的总量和来源、时间变化、空间格局以及减排潜力。结果表明:2015—2019年京津冀地区年均农业源氨排放量为429.1 Gg·a^(-1),玉米种植、尿素施用和室内圈舍是氨排放的主要来源;农业源氨排放量逐年下降,其中种植业贡献了75%的减少量。京津冀地区农业源氨排放呈现“南高北低”的格局,50%的县(区、市)贡献了80%以上的排放。提高作物氮利用率可以大幅降低种植业的氨排放(57.5%),采用酸性碳酸钙替代饲料中的碳酸钙则可以有效降低畜禽养殖业的氨排放(26%~53%)。Improper management of fertilizer and manure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region has produced high level of ammonia(NH_(3))emissions,which is an important cause of haze in the BTH region.This study inventoried the agricultural NH_(3) emissions from the BTH region using the emissions factor method and a high-resolution NH_(3) activity dataset.The total amount,sources and spatiotemporal patterns of NH_(3) emissions,as well as mitigation potentials for the same,were evaluated.It was concluded that NH_(3) emissions from agricultural sources in the BTH region were 429.1 Gg·a^(-1) for the period of 2015-2019,during which maize cultivation,the application of urea,and indoor housing were the main sources of NH_(3) emissions.However,NH_(3) emissions from agriculture also decreased year by year during from 2015-2019,and the reduction from cropland emissions accounted for 75%of the total decrease.NH_(3) emissions from the southern part of the BTH region were higher than those from the northern part,and half of the counties in the region contributed more than 80%of its emissions.Enhancing the efficiency of nitrogen use could greatly reduce NH_(3) emissions from cropland(by 57.5%),while replacing calcium carbonate in fodder with acidic calcium carbonate could also effectively reduce emissions from livestock(by 26%~53%).

关 键 词：京津冀 氨排放 排放清单 时空格局 氨减排 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]