不同钾肥用量对冬油菜主要光合器官演替的影响  

Effects of potassium application rates on succession of main photosynthetic organs in oilseed rape

作　　者：胡文诗 孟凡金 李静 陆志峰[1,2] 任涛 鲁剑巍[1,2] HU Wen-shi;MENG Fan-jin;LI Jing;LU Zhi-feng;REN Tao;LU Jian-wei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第5期843-850,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672231);国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：明确钾肥对冬油菜两种光合器官(叶片和角果皮)的演替和光合能力的调控,对于进一步理解钾肥促进油菜产量的机制具有重要意义。实验于2018-2019年油菜生长季的田间开展,通过监测不同施钾量下油菜(甘蓝型油菜华油杂9号)叶面积指数(LAI)和角果皮面积指数(PAI)的动态变化,结合光合能力变化,探究油菜主要光合器官对产量的影响。随着生育期推进,LAI逐渐增加,在花期达到最大,为3.4~4.8,此后迅速降低,而PAI快速增加,相同处理下最大PAI与最大LAI相当。钾肥施用对LAI和PAI调控作用一致,LAI和PAI均随施钾量增加而增加,PAI/LAI的比值不受施钾量影响。在各关键生育期,光合速率随施钾量增加而增加,在超过120 K2O kg/hm^(2)后不再显著变化。在一天中,钾肥施用显著提高午间光合速率,缓解越冬期午休现象。LAI、PAI和光合能力与油菜籽产量显著相关,施钾显著提高油菜光合器官光合面积和能力,从而增加油菜籽产量。For high yield and better understanding of potassium(K)effect,succession and photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed photosynthetic organs(leaves and siliques)were investigated by field experiment in 2018-2019.The dynamic changes of leaf area index(LAI)and pod wall area index(PAI)were explored under different K application rates.Results showed that the LAI gradually increased with growth,and reached to the maximum(3.4-4.8)at flowering stage and then rapidly decreased,whilst the PAI was increased steeply.Under the same treatments,the maximum PAI was equivalent to that of the LAI.The effects of K application rates on LAI and PAI were consistent.Both LAI and PAI were increased with K application rates.But PAI/LAI was not affected by K application.During the growth stages,photosynthetic rates were increased with K rates until exceeding to 120 kg/hm^(2).At the daytime,photosynthetic rates in the noon were enhanced obviously with K application rates.K fertilizer alleviated the‘midday depression’during the overwintering period.LAI,PAI and photosynthetic rates were significantly related to seed yield.Application of K fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthetic area and capacity of photosynthetic organs of oilseed rape,thereby increasing seed yield.

关 键 词：油菜 钾 光合器官 角果皮 光合作用 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]