川西高原藏区人兽冲突现状分析  

Human-Wildlife Conflicts in the Tibetan Areas of the Western Sichuan Highlands, China

作　　者：王静 鲁艺玲 房金梅 达珍拉姆 WANG Jing;LU Yi-ling;FANG Jin-mei(School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610106)

机构地区：[1]成都大学建筑与土木工程学院,四川成都610106 [2]四川民族学院藏学学院,四川甘孜626000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第20期88-92,155,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：在四川西部高原地区,人类与野生动物冲突已经成为一个普遍的问题。2020年8月在四川西部藏区开展了野生动物肇事、时间分布、受损类型和农牧民对肇事动物的态度和认知调查研究。调查分析发现:破坏庄稼的野生动物主要有野猪、豪猪和藏酋猴,肇事多发生在4—8月,被破坏的庄稼主要是马铃薯、青稞和小麦;掠食牲畜的野生动物主要是狼,牦牛和黄牛常受到攻击,全年都有牲畜被捕食,但在冬季肇事事件更多;攻击人的野生动物最常见是野猪,其次是棕熊,棕熊对人的伤害程度最严重;村民也认为对人身安全威胁最大的野生动物是棕熊,对放牧家畜影响最大的是狼,严重危害庄稼的是野猪和熊,人们采用建刺篱笆、稻草人、看守犬等方法驱赶野生动物,但收效甚微;建议采用绘制人兽冲突风险地图、建立独立栖息地、实施"人兽冲突保险"补偿制度等方法来预防和缓解当地人兽冲突问题。该研究可为制定预防和缓解当地人兽冲突措施提供基础资料,对促进当地人与野生动物和谐相处、保护当地生物多样性和生态环境有重要意义。Conflict between humans and wildlife has become an increasing problem in the Tibetan-dominated highlands of western Sichuan Province.In August 2020,an investigation was carried out to document incidents of human-wildlife conflict, including time distribution and damage types, as well as farmer attitudes and perceptions of animals.Results show the crop-destroying wild animals are primarily wild boars, hedgehogs, and Tibetan macaques, and these incidents mostly occur between April and August.The damaged crops are mainly potatoes, highland barley, and wheat.Livestock are primarily preyed on by wolves.Livestock are preyed on all year, with yaks and cattle being most frequently attacked, but there are more incidents in winter.The wild animals that most frequently attack humans are wild boars, followed by brown bears, but due to the degree of harm inflicted, local people view brown bears as the biggest threat to human safety.The wolf is perceived as the biggest threat to grazing livestock, with the wild boar and bear causing the most serious damage to crops.To ward off threats from wild animals, local people use thorny hedges and fences, scarecrows, guard dogs, but with relatively little effect.Recommendations to prevent and alleviate these problems include, making a risk map of human-wildlife conflict, establishing independent habitats, and implementing a compensation system for "human-wildlife conflict insurance".This study can provide background information for the formulation of prevention and mitigation measures for local human and wildlife conflicts.It is also helpful for promoting the harmonious coexistence between local people and wildlife, and protecting the local biodiversity and ecological environment.

关 键 词：人兽冲突 生物多样性保护 康巴藏区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]